Trends in registered medical marijuana participation across 13 US states and District of Columbia.

Trends in registered medical marijuana participation across 13 US states and District of Columbia.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.11.015
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发表时间:
2016-02-01
影响因子:
4.2
通讯作者:
Fairman BJ
Fairman BJ
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Fairman BJ

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过去十年,美国医用大麻 (MMJ) 法律和政策发展迅速。公众健康对这些法律影响的担忧可能会受到 MMJ 参与程度的影响,但人们对这一人群随时间的变化知之甚少。自 2001 年以来,描述了美国 13 个州和哥伦比亚特区 (DC) 登记的 MMJ 参与趋势。MMJ 参与者的数量从州 MMJ 患者登记处获得。部分州报告了性别和年龄方面的差异。计算了每 1,000 人中 MMJ 参与率。没有来自加利福尼亚州和华盛顿州的数据。 2001 年至 2008 年期间,MMJ 参与率相对较低且持平(即每 1,000 名成年人中少于 5 人)。 2009 年至 2010 年,科罗拉多州、蒙大拿州和密歇根州的参与率大幅上升,但其他州则不然。目前,科罗拉多州、俄勒冈州和蒙大拿州的发病率很高(即每 1,000 人中有 15-30 人),全国平均水平约为每 1,000 名成年人 7.6 人。三分之二的参与者是男性,但性别差异可能会随着时间的推移而缩小。不到 1% 的 MMJ 注册者年龄在 18 岁以下,但这一群体在科罗拉多州和俄勒冈州正在增长。参与者往往年龄较大(50 多岁),但科罗拉多州和亚利桑那州的年轻成人(21-30 岁)注册者比例较大。随着时间的推移,各州以及各州内部对 MMJ 计划的参与情况存在很大差异。在联邦和州政策以及通过药房获取大麻的背景下讨论了趋势。
Medical marijuana (MMJ) laws and policies have evolved rapidly over the past decade in the United States. Public health concerns over the impact of these laws might be influenced by the degree of MMJ participation, but little is known about changes to this population over time. Trends in registered MMJ participation are described for 13 states in the US and District of Columbia (DC) since 2001. Numbers of MMJ participants were obtained from state MMJ patient registries. A subset of states reported differences by sex and age. Prevalence of MMJ participation per 1,000 was calculated. Data from California and Washington were not available. MMJ participation was relatively low and flat from 2001–2008 (i.e., less than 5 per 1,000 adults). Participation rose sharply in Colorado, Montana, and Michigan in 2009–2010, but not for other states. High rates can currently be found in Colorado, Oregon, and Montana (i.e., 15–30 per 1,000) with the national average around 7.6 per 1,000 adults. Two-thirds of participants are male, but sex differences may be decreasing over time. Less than 1% of MMJ registrants are under 18, but this segment is growing in Colorado and Oregon. Participants tend to be older (50s), but Colorado and Arizona have larger proportions of young adult (21–30) registrants. Participation in MMJ programs varies considerably by state and within states over time. Trends are discussed within the context of federal and state policies, and the availability of marijuana via dispensaries.
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