The social production of ecosystem services: A framework for studying environmental justice and ecological complexity in urbanized landscapes
The social production of ecosystem services: A framework for studying environmental justice and ecological complexity in urbanized landscapes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.10.005
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
Ernstson, Henrik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ernstson, Henrik
构建了一个框架，如何将生态系统服务与环境正义。人类和社会可从生物物理过程中获得的利益不能被视为客观存在于“外面”，而是与社会和政治过程纠缠在一起。通过分析生态系统服务的产生、分配和衔接，这一点得以揭示。社会实践（通过城市发展模式和城市生态系统的日常管理）调节生物物理过程的惠益产生，但也调节社会中谁从中受益，即生态系统服务的分布（在此视为人类可能从生物物理过程中受益的时间和空间尺度）。此外，要使生物物理过程在决策中获得价值，就需要一种价值表达的社会实践。然后，框架在两个分析层次之间移动。在城市层面，生态网络将城市“绿色”区域视为节点，通过生态流（水、物种运动等）相互连接。其中节点具有不同的保护和管理能力。网络捕捉空间的复杂性-在一个位置发生的事情，可以在其他地方产生影响。在地方一级，研究了城市土地使用斗争，以追踪行为者如何利用人工制品和社会舞台来阐明某些生物物理过程的价值。相互竞争的价值表达网络努力影响土地使用，多项地方研究使人们了解权力如何在当地运作，为全市范围的分析提供信息。斯德哥尔摩、开普敦和其他城市的实证研究为该框架提供了依据。(C)2012 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
A framework is constructed for how to relate ecosystem services to environmental justice. The benefits humans and society can derive from biophysical processes cannot be viewed as objectively existing "out there", but as entangled in social and political processes. This is unpacked through the analytical moments of generation, distribution and articulation of ecosystem services. Social practice moderates the generation of benefits from biophysical processes (through urban development patterns and day-to-day management of urban ecosystems), but also who in society that benefits from them, i.e. the distribution of ecosystem services (viewed here as the temporal and spatial scales at which it is possible for humans to benefit from biophysical processes). Moreover, for biophysical processes to attain value in decision-making, a social practice of value articulation is needed. The framework then moves between two levels of analysis. At the city-wide level, an ecological network translates how urban 'green' areas, viewed as nodes, are interconnected by ecological flows (water, species movement, etc.) where nodes have different protective and management capacities. The network captures spatial complexity-what happens in one location, can have effects elsewhere. At the local level, urban struggles over land-use are studied to trace how actors utilize artifacts and social arenas to articulate how certain biophysical processes are of value. Competing networks of value articulation strive to influence land-use, and multiple local studies bring understanding of how power operates locally, informing city-wide analyses. Empirical studies from Stockholm, Cape Town and other cities inform the framework. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.