Nitric oxide is an essential component of the hemocyte-mediated mosquito immune response against bacteria
Nitric oxide is an essential component of the hemocyte-mediated mosquito immune response against bacteria
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dci.2009.08.014
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发表时间：
2010-02-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Estevez-Lao, Tania Y.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hillyer, Julian F.;Estevez-Lao, Tania Y.
一氧化氮是由一氧化氮合酶合成的信号和免疫效应分子。在蚊子中，一氧化氮在中肠中作为寄生虫拮抗剂发挥作用，但对其在血腔中的功能知之甚少。在这里，我们的特点是冈比亚按蚊一氧化氮合酶基因的时空表达，并探讨了一氧化氮在蚊子血腔的抗菌反应中发挥的作用。定量PCR和Western印迹分析表明，一氧化氮合酶在血细胞和脂肪体中表达，并上调大肠杆菌和微球菌的全身感染。黄递酶染色和免疫荧光显示，一氧化氮合酶在血细胞的粒细胞亚群中含量丰富，细菌攻击后，一氧化氮合酶的染色强度和染色细胞百分比均显著增加。当一氧化氮的产生被抑制时，蚊子杀死大肠杆菌的能力降低了。大肠杆菌显著减少。因此，抑制一氧化氮的产生增加了系统性E.大肠杆菌感染。总之，这些数据表明，一氧化氮是蚊子血腔中抗菌免疫反应的关键参与者。(C)2009爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Nitric oxide is a signaling and immune effector molecule synthesized by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase. In mosquitoes, nitric oxide functions as a parasite antagonist in the midgut but little is known about its function in the hemocoel. Here, we characterized the temporal and spatial expression of the Anopheles gambiae nitric oxide synthase gene and explored the role nitric oxide plays in the antibacterial response in the mosquito hemocoel. Quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses showed that nitric oxide synthase is expressed in hemocytes and fat body, and is upregulated in response to systemic infection with Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus. Diaphorase staining and immunofluorescence showed that nitric oxide synthase is abundant in the granulocyte subpopulation of hemocytes, and both the staining intensity and the percentage of cells that stain for nitric oxide synthase significantly increase after a bacteria[ challenge. When nitric oxide production was inhibited, the mosquito's ability to kill E. coli was significantly reduced. Accordingly, inhibiting nitric oxide production increased the mortality rate of mosquitoes with systemic E. coli infections. Taken altogether, these data show that nitric oxide is a crucial player in the antibacterial immune response in the mosquito hemocoel. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.