Validation of Ionospheric Specifications During Geomagnetic Storms: TEC and foF2 During the 2013 March Storm Event

Validation of Ionospheric Specifications During Geomagnetic Storms: TEC and foF2 During the 2013 March Storm Event
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地磁风暴期间电离层规范的验证:2013 年 3 月风暴事件期间的 TEC 和 foF2

DOI:
10.1029/2018sw002034
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Fedrizzi, M.
Fedrizzi, M.
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shim, J. S.;Tsagouri, I.;Goncharenko, L.;Rastaetter, L.;Kuznetsova, M.;Bilitza, D.;Codrescu, M.;Coster, A. J.;Solomon, S. C.;Fedrizzi, M.

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为了应对评估空间天气建模能力的挑战,社区协调建模中心正在领导一个新成立的国际空间天气建模能力评估论坛。本文介绍了在第一次选定的 2013 年 3 月风暴事件(2013 年 3 月 17 日)期间模拟的 foF2(F2 层临界频率)和 TEC(总电子含量)验证的初步结果。在这项研究中,我们使用了八种电离层模型,从经验模型到基于物理的电离层-热层耦合模型和数据同化模型。我们考虑的量是与安静时间背景相比的 TEC 和 foF2 变化和百分比变化,以及最大和最小百分比变化。此外,我们还考虑了 TEC 的标准化百分比变化。我们将模拟量与垂直全球导航卫星系统 TEC(由麻省理工学院 Haystack 天文台提供)和 foF2 数据(由全球电离层射电天文台提供)在美洲和欧洲-非洲经度区中纬度选定的 12 个地点的地面观测数据进行了比较。为了定量评估模型的性能,我们计算了技能得分,包括相关系数、均方根误差(RMSE)、建模与观察到的最大百分比变化(收益率)的比率以及时间误差。我们的研究表明 foF2 的平均 RMSE 范围约为 1 MHz 至 1.5 MHz。 TEC 的平均 RMSE 介于 ~5 和 ~10 TECU 之间(1 TEC 单位 = 1016el/m2)。 dfoF2[%] RMSE 介于 15% 到 25% 之间,小于 dTEC[%] 的 RMSE(30% 到 60%)。模型的性能随所考虑的位置和指标的不同而变化。
To address challenges of assessing space weather modeling capabilities, the Community Coordinated Modeling Center is leading a newly establishedInternational Forum for Space Weather Modeling Capabilities Assessment. This paper presents preliminary results of validation of modeled foF2 (F2layer critical frequency) and TEC (total electron content) during the first selected 2013 March storm event (17 March 2013). In this study, we used eight ionospheric models ranging from empirical to physics‐based, coupled ionosphere‐thermosphere and data assimilation models. The quantities we considered are TEC and foF2 changes and percentage changes compared to quiet time background, and the maximum and minimum percentage changes. In addition, we considered normalized percentage changes of TEC. We compared the modeled quantities with ground‐based observations of vertical Global Navigation Satellite System TEC (provided by Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory) and foF2 data (provided by Global Ionospheric Radio Observatory) at the 12 locations selected in middle latitudes of the American and European‐African longitude sectors. To quantitatively evaluate the models' performance, we calculated skill scores including correlation coefficient, root‐mean square error (RMSE), ratio of the modeled to observed maximum percentage changes (yield), and timing error. Our study indicates that average RMSEs of foF2 range from about 1 MHz to 1.5 MHz. The average RMSEs of TEC are between ~5 and ~10 TECU (1 TEC Unit = 1016el/m2). dfoF2[%] RMSEs are between 15% and 25%, which is smaller than RMSE of dTEC[%] ranging from 30% to 60%. The performance of the models varies with the location and metrics considered.
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