Phylogeography of the fire-bellied toads Bombina:: independent Pleistocene histories inferred from mitochondrial genomes
Phylogeography of the fire-bellied toads Bombina:: independent Pleistocene histories inferred from mitochondrial genomes
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03309.x
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发表时间：
2007-06-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Szymura, Jacek M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hofman, Sebastian;Spolsky, Christina;Szymura, Jacek M.
火腹蟾蜍Bombina bombina和Bombina variegata，在一个长而窄的区域内杂交，通过选择和扩散之间的平衡来维持。杂交发生在当地的、遗传上有差异的群体之间。为了量化这些群体之间的分歧，并重建他们的历史和人口统计学，我们分析了线粒体细胞色素B基因（1096 bp）的核苷酸变异在364个人从156个网站代表了整个范围的两个物种。3个不同的分支与高序列分歧（K2 P = 8-11%）进行了区分。一个分支聚为B。bombina单倍型;其他两个分支分组为B。variegata单倍型一个B。variegata分支仅包括喀尔巴阡山的个体;其他代表B。来自其分布西南部的变种：南欧和西欧（欧洲-西方血统），亚平宁山脉和罗多彼山脉。喀尔巴阡山脉和西雅诺-西方血统之间的分化，K2 P相似的8%，接近种间分歧。欧洲铃蟾谱系之间的深刻分歧表明他们的冰川期前的起源，并意味着长期和很大程度上独立的进化历史的物种。在毗邻黑海的低地、喀尔巴阡山脉、巴尔干半岛和亚平宁山脉发现了多个冰川避难所。嵌套分支和人口分析的结果表明，在末次冰期人口规模急剧减少，并显着的人口增长有关的冰后期殖民。推断的历史，化石证据的支持下，表明Bombina范围经历了反复收缩和扩张。形态学，等位酶和mtDNA之间的地理一致性表明，以前的事件种间杂交没有留下可检测的mtDNA渐渗。要么是混合种群灭绝了，要么是对杂交种的选择阻碍了古代杂交区mtDNA基因的流动。
The fire-bellied toads Bombina bombina and Bombina variegata, interbreed in a long, narrow zone maintained by a balance between selection and dispersal. Hybridization takes place between local, genetically differentiated groups. To quantify divergence between these groups and reconstruct their history and demography, we analysed nucleotide variation at the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (1096 bp) in 364 individuals from 156 sites representing the entire range of both species. Three distinct clades with high sequence divergence (K2P = 8-11%) were distinguished. One clade grouped B. bombina haplotypes; the two other clades grouped B. variegata haplotypes. One B. variegata clade included only Carpathian individuals; the other represented B. variegata from the southwestern parts of its distribution: Southern and Western Europe (Balkano-Western lineage), Apennines, and the Rhodope Mountains. Differentiation between the Carpathian and Balkano-Western lineages, K2P similar to 8%, approached interspecific divergence. Deep divergence among European Bombina lineages suggests their preglacial origin, and implies long and largely independent evolutionary histories of the species. Multiple glacial refugia were identified in the lowlands adjoining the Black Sea, in the Carpathians, in the Balkans, and in the Apennines. The results of the nested clade and demographic analyses suggest drastic reductions of population sizes during the last glacial period, and significant demographic growth related to postglacial colonization. Inferred history, supported by fossil evidence, demonstrates that Bombina ranges underwent repeated contractions and expansions. Geographical concordance between morphology, allozymes, and mtDNA shows that previous episodes of interspecific hybridization have left no detectable mtDNA introgression. Either the admixed populations went extinct, or selection against hybrids hindered mtDNA gene flow in ancient hybrid zones.