Differential Prefrontal White Matter Development in Chimpanzees and Humans
Differential Prefrontal White Matter Development in Chimpanzees and Humans
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2011.07.019
复制
发表时间：
2011-08
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Tomoko Sakai;A. Mikami;M. Tomonaga;M. Matsui;J. Suzuki;Y. Hamada;Masayuki Tanaka;T. Miyabe-Nishiwaki;Haruyuki Makishima;M. Nakatsukasa;T. Matsuzawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tomoko Sakai;A. Mikami;M. Tomonaga;M. Matsui;J. Suzuki;Y. Hamada;Masayuki Tanaka;T. Miyabe-Nishiwaki;Haruyuki Makishima;M. Nakatsukasa;T. Matsuzawa
比较人类和非人类灵长类动物前额叶区域内白质的发育模式是理解人类大脑进化的关键。WM调节复杂的认知过程，并与后处理区域有相互联系[1，2]。虽然猕猴前额叶白质的发育模式与人类明显不同[3]，但这在我们进化上最接近的近亲--黑猩猩身上还没有被研究过。目前对磁共振成像扫描的纵向研究表明，黑猩猩的前额叶WM体积是未成熟的，在青春期前还没有达到成年前的值，而在人类中观察到了，但在猕猴中没有观察到。然而，在婴儿时期，黑猩猩前额叶白质体积增加的速度比人类慢。这些结果表明，在黑猩猩和人类的最后一个共同祖先中，发育中的大脑前额叶部分的神经元连接存在着不那么成熟和更持久的详细阐述，这有助于增强出生后经历对神经元连接的影响。此外，人类前额叶WM在婴儿期的快速发展可能有助于发展复杂的社会互动，以及获得依赖经验的知识和技能来塑造神经元连接。
A comparison of developmental patterns of white matter (WM) within the prefrontal region between humans and nonhuman primates is key to understanding human brain evolution. WM mediates complex cognitive processes and has reciprocal connections with posterior processing regions [1, 2]. Although the developmental pattern of prefrontal WM in macaques differs markedly from that in humans [3], this has not been explored in our closest evolutionary relative, the chimpanzee. The present longitudinal study of magnetic resonance imaging scans demonstrated that the prefrontal WM volume in chimpanzees was immature and had not reached the adult value during prepuberty, as observed in humans but not in macaques. However, the rate of prefrontal WM volume increase during infancy was slower in chimpanzees than in humans. These results suggest that a less mature and more protracted elaboration of neuronal connections in the prefrontal portion of the developing brain existed in the last common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans, and that this served to enhance the impact of postnatal experiences on neuronal connectivity. Furthermore, the rapid development of the human prefrontal WM during infancy may help the development of complex social interactions, as well as the acquisition of experience-dependent knowledge and skills to shape neuronal connectivity.