Analyses of pig genomes provide insight into porcine demography and evolution.
Analyses of pig genomes provide insight into porcine demography and evolution.
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一万年来，猪和人类有着密切而复杂的关系。从驯化到现代育种实践，人类塑造了家猪的基因组。在这里，我们提出的组装和分析的基因组序列的雌性家猪杜洛克猪（Sus scrofa）和比较的基因组的野生和家猪从欧洲和亚洲。野猪出现在东南亚，随后蔓延到欧亚大陆。我们的研究结果揭示了100万年前欧洲和亚洲野猪之间存在深刻的系统发育分裂，选择性扫描分析表明选择参与RNA加工和调控的基因。与免疫反应和嗅觉相关的基因表现出快速进化。猪拥有最多的功能性嗅觉受体基因库，反映了嗅觉在这种食腐动物中的重要性。猪的基因组序列为进一步改进这一重要的家畜物种提供了重要的资源，我们对许多推定致病变异的鉴定扩展了猪作为生物医学模型的潜力。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1038/nature 11622）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。本研究对一头雌性杜洛克家猪的基因组序列进行了组装和分析，并与欧洲和亚洲的野猪和家猪的基因组进行了比较，结果揭示了欧洲和亚洲野猪之间的进化关系。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1038/nature 11622）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。家猪（Sus scrofa）是一种重要的家畜物种，其基因组经过数千年的驯化和后来复杂的育种实践而形成。在猪基因组测序联盟的赞助下，一个高质量的雌性杜洛克猪基因组序列草图发表在本期的《自然》杂志上。野猪和家猪基因组的比较揭示了欧洲和亚洲野猪之间的进化关系，并揭示了参与免疫反应和嗅觉的基因的快速进化。作者确定了许多可能的致病基因变异，增加了猪作为生物医学模型的潜力，并对内源性猪逆转录病毒进行了详细分析，这对于猪在异种移植中的可能用途非常重要。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1038/nature 11622）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
For 10,000 years pigs and humans have shared a close and complex relationship. From domestication to modern breeding practices, humans have shaped the genomes of domestic pigs. Here we present the assembly and analysis of the genome sequence of a female domestic Duroc pig (Sus scrofa) and a comparison with the genomes of wild and domestic pigs from Europe and Asia. Wild pigs emerged in South East Asia and subsequently spread across Eurasia. Our results reveal a deep phylogenetic split between European and Asian wild boars ∼1 million years ago, and a selective sweep analysis indicates selection on genes involved in RNA processing and regulation. Genes associated with immune response and olfaction exhibit fast evolution. Pigs have the largest repertoire of functional olfactory receptor genes, reflecting the importance of smell in this scavenging animal. The pig genome sequence provides an important resource for further improvements of this important livestock species, and our identification of many putative disease-causing variants extends the potential of the pig as a biomedical model. The online version of this article (doi:10.1038/nature11622) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. This study presents the assembly and analysis of the genome sequence of a female domestic Duroc pig and a comparison with the genomes of wild and domestic pigs from Europe and Asia; the results shed light on the evolutionary relationship between European and Asian wild boars. The online version of this article (doi:10.1038/nature11622) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. The domestic pig (Sus scrofa) is an important livestock species, its genome shaped by thousands of years of domestication and, latterly, sophisticated breeding practices. A high-quality draft genome sequence for a female domestic Duroc pig is published in this issue of Nature, under the auspices of the Swine Genome Sequencing Consortium. Comparisons of the genomes of wild and domestic pigs shed light on the evolutionary relationship between European and Asian wild boars, and reveal the rapid evolution of genes involved in the immune response and in olfaction. The authors identify many possible disease-causing gene variants, increasing the potential of the pig as a biomedical model, and present a detailed analysis of endogenous porcine retroviruses, knowledge of which is important for the possible use of pigs in xenotransplantation. The online version of this article (doi:10.1038/nature11622) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.