The impact of wintertime sea-ice anomalies on high surface heat flux events in the Iceland and Greenland Seas
The impact of wintertime sea-ice anomalies on high surface heat flux events in the Iceland and Greenland Seas
复制标题
冬季海冰异常对冰岛和格陵兰海高表面热通量事件的影响
DOI：
10.1007/s00382-019-05095-3
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Pope J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pope J
冰岛海和格陵兰海的环流是深水形成的区域，由海洋到大气的巨大热通量驱动，在海冰边缘附近具有局部最大值。最近，这些地区经历了海冰的急剧减少，包括在冬季，这就引出了一个问题，即邻近海洋环流的表面热通量是否受到了影响？为了解决这个问题，一套区域大气气候模式模拟已经运行了规定的海冰和海面温度场。三个20年的模式实验：Icemax，Icemed和Icemin，其中的表面场分别设置为最大，中位数和最小海冰范围的一年。在海冰范围减少的情况下，冰岛海冬季总热通量减少了15%（19 W m−2）。相比之下，格陵兰海的热通量增加了8%（9 W m−2），主要是由于当地较高的SST。这些差异表现为高热通量事件（如冷空气爆发）的幅度变化。在冰岛海，76%的这些事件在海冰减少的情况下震级较低。在格陵兰海，93%的这些事件是更高的规模在减少海冰条件下，由于较高的SST与海冰消退一致。因此，在这些实验中，冬季海冰减少的情况迫使两个海洋做出不同的反应。在这两个环流中，大尺度大气环流模式是高热流事件的关键驱动因素。
The gyres of the Iceland and Greenland Seas are regions of deep-water formation, driven by large ocean-to-atmosphere heat fluxes that have local maxima adjacent to the sea-ice edge. Recently these regions have experienced a dramatic loss of sea ice, including in winter, which begs the question have surface heat fluxes in the adjacent ocean gyres been affected? To address this a set of regional atmospheric climate model simulations has been run with prescribed sea ice and sea surface temperature fields. Three 20-year model experiments have been examined: Icemax, Icemedand Icemin, where the surface fields are set as the year with maximum, median and minimum sea-ice extents respectively. Under conditions of reduced sea-ice extent there is a 15% (19 W m−2) decrease in total wintertime heat fluxes in the Iceland Sea. In contrast, there is an 8% (9 W m−2) increase in heat fluxes in the Greenland Sea primarily due to higher local SSTs. These differences are manifest as changes in the magnitude of high heat flux events (such as cold air outbreaks). In the Iceland Sea, 76% of these events are lower in magnitude during reduced sea-ice conditions. In the Greenland Sea, 93% of these events are higher in magnitude during reduced sea-ice conditions as a result of higher SSTs coincident with retreating sea ice. So, in these experiments, the reduced wintertime sea-ice conditions force a different response in the two seas. In both gyres, large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns are key drivers of high heat flux events.
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