Ecological genetics of floral evolution
Ecological genetics of floral evolution
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花卉进化的生态遗传学
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发表时间：
2006
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通讯作者：
J. Conner
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作者：
J. Conner
自然界中花的多样性很大程度上可以解释为适应不同植物物种相互作用的生物和非生物选择剂的多样性。生态遗传学是对植物适应过程的研究，因此是理解植物适应的理想途径。在这里，我回顾工作的选择和遗传方差和协方差的花性状，因为这些是适应性进化的主要决定因素。早期的工作集中在简单的花的多态性，因为它们易于研究，但最近的工作利用它们的简单性以前所未有的细节来理解适应的遗传机制。因为大多数花的适应不是简单的多态性，我还回顾了研究，测量选择和G矩阵（性状之间的加性遗传方差和协方差）的数量花性状。我提出了我的研究小组在野生萝卜花的高度相关性状的新结果，显示这些性状如何独立进化，尽管遗传相关性造成的限制。一项对菊科相同性状的研究表明，宏观进化可能是由G矩阵指导的，但高度相关性状的独立进化也可能发生在这些较长的时期内。最后，我回顾了一些未来研究的主题，这些主题已经被最近的技术进步所开辟，并且有可能大大扩展我们对花适应机制的理解。
Outline The diversity of floral forms in nature can be explained largely as adaptations to the diversity of biotic and abiotic selective agents with which different plant species interact. Ecological genetics is the study of the process of adaptation, and therefore is an ideal approach to understanding floral adaptations. Here I review work on selection and genetic variance and covariance of floral traits, as these are the principal determinants of adaptive evolution. Early work focused on simple floral polymorphisms, because they were amenable to study, but more recent work has used their simplicity to understand the genetic mechanisms underlying adaptation in unprecedented detail. Because most floral adaptations are not simple polymorphisms, I also review studies that have measured selection and the G matrix (additive genetic variances and covariances among traits) for quantitative floral traits. I present new results from my research group on highly correlated traits in wild radish flowers, showing how these traits can evolve independently despite the constraint caused by the genetic correlation. A study of the same traits across the Brassicaceae suggests that macroevolution may be guided by the G matrix, but that independent evolution of highly correlated traits can also occur during these longer periods. I close by reviewing some topics for future study that have been opened up by recent technical advances, and which have the potential to expand our understanding of the mechanisms of floral adaptation greatly.