Introduction
Introduction
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DOI：
10.1136/thx.53.2008.s2
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发表时间：
1998-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. C. Dement
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. C. Dement
由于这是一次历史性会议，将解决睡眠医学领域最重要的临床问题之一，因此检查我们此时此刻是如何达成的是适当的。因此，我将简要回顾睡眠医学的历史。我在之前的几次演讲中已经谈到了这个话题。1 -3在我看来，睡眠医学的历史可以分为五个明确划分的阶段。表1列出了这些措施。查看此表：表1睡眠医学的历史我已经指定的第一阶段，在某种程度上与舌头在脸颊，作为“史前”。这反映了在世纪上半叶及之前，涉及睡眠的科学实验相对缺乏。梦和梦的解释的主题可能受到最多的关注。大量的早期睡眠文献报道了对睡眠习惯和睡眠特征的观察，以比较和对比描述清醒状态的数据。在这个“史前”时期，几乎每一位生物医学科学家都认为，当白天持续轰击大脑的感官刺激因夜晚的黑暗和寂静而不足以维持清醒时的大脑活动水平时，就会发生睡眠。这种观点，通常被称为“被动过程理论”，似乎会使睡眠的研究显得相对无趣。睡眠是大脑“关闭”的概念导致了一个错误的结论，即睡眠可以被视为一个完全同质的状态，一个单一的观察可以推广到整个睡眠期间。最后，除了天文学之外，没有熬夜进行科学研究的传统。有一些“史前”科学地标值得注意，但发生得太早了。
Since this is an historic meeting which will address one of the most important clinical issues in the field of sleep medicine, it is appropriate to examine how we arrived at this moment. Accordingly, I will present a brief review of the history of sleep medicine. I have addressed this topic on several previous occasions.1-3 In my view the history of sleep medicine can be divided into five clearly demarcated phases. These are listed in table 1. View this table: Table 1 History of sleep medicine I have designated the first phase, to some extent with tongue in cheek, as “prehistoric”. This reflects the relative lack of scientific experimentation involving sleep over the first half of the 20th century and before. The subject of dreams and dream interpretation probably received the most attention. A great deal of the early sleep literature reported observations on sleep habits and sleep characteristics in the service of comparing and contrasting the data reciprocally to data describing the waking state. During this “prehistoric” period nearly every biomedical scientist assumed that sleep occurred when sensory stimulation continuously bombarding the brain during the day was rendered insufficient to maintain a waking level of brain activity by the occurrence of the darkness and silence of night. It seems reasonable that this perspective, often called the “passive process theory”, would have made the study of sleep seem relatively uninteresting. The notion that sleep was the brain “turned off” led to the erroneous conclusion that sleep could be regarded as an entirely homogenous state, and that a single observation could be generalised to the entire sleep period. Finally, there was no tradition of staying up at night to carry out scientific research except, of course, for astronomy. There are some “prehistoric” scientific landmarks that are worth noting but which occurred far too early …