On the sociology of scientific knowledge and its philosophical agenda
On the sociology of scientific knowledge and its philosophical agenda
复制标题
论科学知识社会学及其哲学议程
DOI：
10.1016/s0039-3681(97)00021-6
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
M. Friedman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Friedman
对于一个对科学史和科学史编纂非常感兴趣的哲学家来说，也许过去二十年中最有趣的——如果也是最麻烦的——理论发展是科学知识社会学（SSK），它由巴里·巴恩斯和大卫·布卢尔在爱丁堡和HM·柯林斯在巴斯阐述。这个项目激发了科学史上的创新工作，这些工作将社会历史的方法应用于现代科学发展中的关键事件，从而对这些事件的更广泛的社会、文化和政治背景进行了非常丰富的描述。然而，另一方面，SSK，无论是理论的还是应用的，都被一个明确的哲学议程所框定，这个议程旨在拒绝理性、客观性和真理的普遍标准的传统哲学理想（当然，这种理想在传统上被认为是现代科学本身的范例），而赞成科学理性、客观性和真理的相对论概念，最终为这些概念奠定基础。在当地和特定的社会文化环境中
For a philosopher seriously interested in the history and historiography of science, perhaps the most interesting—if also the most troubling—theoretical development of the last twenty years has been the sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK) articulated at Edinburgh by Barry Barnes and David Bloor and at Bath by HM Collins. 1 On the one hand, this program has inspired innovative work in the history of science that has applied methods of social history to key events in the evolution of modern science so as to yield extraordinarily rich delineations of the wider social, cultural, and political context of these events. 2 On the other hand, however, SSK, both theoretical and applied, has been framed by an explicitly philosophical agenda—an agenda that aims to reject the traditional philosophical ideal of universal standards of rationality, objectivity, and truth (which ideal has, of course, been traditionally taken to be paradigmatically exemplified in modern science itself) in favor of a relativistic conception of scientific rationality, objectivity, and truth that grounds these concepts, in the end, in local and particular social and cultural cir-