GIS-based flood risk assessment in suburban areas: a case study of the Fangshan District, Beijing
GIS-based flood risk assessment in suburban areas: a case study of the Fangshan District, Beijing
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基于GIS的郊区洪水风险评估——以北京市房山区为例
DOI：
10.1007/s11069-017-2828-0
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发表时间：
2017-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Zhang, Hong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu, Shanshan;Cheng, Xiangjun;Zhang, Hong
在中国当前的城市化进程中，郊区已经成为快速发展的区域。一般来说，这些地区也是容易发生洪涝灾害的区域降水中心。因此，对城郊地区进行洪水风险评估具有重要意义。本文根据灾害风险理论，将洪水风险定义为危害与脆弱性的乘积。建立了风险评价指标体系，采用层次分析法确定了指标权重。本研究选取了中国北京房山区作为快速城市化的典型郊区。6个因素与危害有关，3个因素与脆弱性有关。对各指标进行离散化、标准化、加权、组合，最终得到地理信息系统环境下的洪水风险图。结果表明：房山区高风险区和极高风险区主要集中在迎峰街、兴城街、新城街和城关镇街；通过与实际洪涝灾害的对比，证明了该方法的有效性和实用性。该方法可以定量反映区域洪水风险的相对大小和空间分布格局。该方法可用于中国大部分郊区的土地利用规划和洪水风险管理。
Suburban areas have become rapid development zones during China's current urbanization. Generally, these areas are also regional precipitation centers that are prone to flood disasters. Therefore, it is important to assess the flood risk in suburban areas. In this study, flood risk was defined as the product of hazard and vulnerability based on disaster risk theory. A risk assessment index system was established, and the analytic hierarchy process method was used to determine the index weight. The Fangshan District in Beijing, China, which is an example of a typical suburban area undergoing rapid urbanization, was selected for this study. Six factors were considered in relation to hazard, and three factors were considered for vulnerability. Each indicator was discretized, standardized, weighted, and then combined to obtain the final flood risk map in a geographical information system environment. The results showed that the high and very high risk zones in the Fangshan District were primarily concentrated on Yingfeng Street, Xingcheng Street, Xincheng Street, and Chengguanzhen Street. The comparison to an actual flood disaster suggested that the method was effective and practical. The method can quantitatively reflect the relative magnitude and spatial distribution patterns of flood risk in a region. The method can be applied easily to most suburban areas in China for land use planning and flood risk management.