On the Land-Sea Contrast in the Surface Solar Radiation (SSR) in the Baltic Region
On the Land-Sea Contrast in the Surface Solar Radiation (SSR) in the Baltic Region
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波罗的海地区地表太阳辐射（SSR）的海陆对比
DOI：
10.3390/rs12213509
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Müller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Lindfors;A. Hertsberg;A. Riihelä;T. Carlund;J. Trentmann;R. Müller
气候学上的地面太阳辐射（SSR;也称为总辐射）在很大程度上取决于云的条件，是太阳能生产潜力的重要指标。在波罗的海地区，以前的研究表明，海上的云量低于陆地，特别是在夏季。然而，现有的文献对SSR气候或它如何转化为太阳能潜力并没有太多的关注SSR的行为与海岸线的定量关系。本文研究了波罗的海地区SSR的气候海陆对比。为此，我们使用了两个卫星气候数据记录，SARAH-A2和SARAH-2，以及海岸线数据库和SSR的地面总日射强度计测量。我们分析了2003-2013年期间气候平均SSR的行为，作为到海岸线距离的函数。结果表明，近海地区平均接收到的SSR高于内陆地区，夏季SSR的海陆对比度最强。此外，夏季SSR的海陆对比在波罗的海的各个地区表现出类似的行为。对于SARAH-A2，它显示出更好的协议与地面测量比SARAH-2，每年的SSR是8%高出20公里的海岸线比20公里的内陆。夏季，即6月至8月，这一差距为10%。观测到的SSR中的陆地-海洋对比度进一步显示出与云的行为密切对应。在这里，对流云发挥着重要作用，因为它们往往在一年中的夏季在内陆地区而不是在海上形成。
The climatological surface solar radiation (SSR; also called global radiation), which is largely dependent on cloud conditions, is an important indicator of the solar energy production potential. In the Baltic area, previous studies have indicated lower cloud amounts over seas than over land, in particular during the summer. However, the existing literature on the SSR climate or how it translates into solar energy potential has not paid much attention to how the SSR behaves quantitatively in relation to the coastline. In this paper, we have studied the climatological land–sea contrast of the SSR over the Baltic area. For this, we used two satellite climate data records, CLARA-A2 and SARAH-2, together with a coastline data base and ground-based pyranometer measurements of the SSR. We analyzed the behaviour of the climatological mean SSR over the period 2003–2013 as a function of the distance to the coastline. The results show that off-shore locations on average receive higher SSR than inland areas and that the land–sea contrast in the SSR is strongest during the summer. Furthermore, the land–sea contrast in the summer time SSR exhibits similar behavior in various parts of the Baltic. For CLARA-A2, which shows better agreement with the ground-based measurements than SARAH-2, the annual SSR is 8% higher 20 km off the coastline than 20 km inland. For summer, i.e., June–August, this difference is 10%. The observed land–sea contrast in the SSR is further shown to correspond closely to the behavior of clouds. Here, convective clouds play an important role as they tend to form over inland areas rather than over the seas during the summer part of the year.