The Effect of Product Standards on Agricultural Exports from Developing Countries
The Effect of Product Standards on Agricultural Exports from Developing Countries
复制标题
DOI：
10.1596/1813-9450-6518
复制
发表时间：
2013-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Ferro;John S. Wilson;T. Otsuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Ferro;John S. Wilson;T. Otsuki
作者使用61个进口国最高农药残留水平的最新数据创建了一个标准限制性指数。本文分析了食品安全标准对农产品国际贸易的影响。研究结果表明，平均而言，限制性较强的标准与观察贸易的可能性较低相关。然而，在控制了样本选择和出口企业在引力模型中的比例后，分析发现，标准对贸易强度的影响不能从零开始区分。这与满足严格标准主要增加出口固定成本的假设是一致的。然而，一旦企业进入市场，标准不会影响出口水平。分析还发现，与其他国家的标准相比，金砖国家(巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非)标准对贸易概率的边际影响更大，但要记住，平均而言，金砖国家的标准限制较少。分析还表明，低收入国家的出口商受到更严格标准的不利影响更大。
The authors create a standards restrictiveness index using newly available data on maximum residue levels of pesticides for 61 importing countries. The paper analyzes the impact that food safety standards have on international trade of agricultural products. The findings suggest that more restrictive standards are associated, on average, with a lower probability of observing trade. However, after controlling for sample selection and the proportion of exporting firms in a gravity model, the analysis finds that the effect of standards on trade intensity is indistinguishable from zero. This is consistent with the assumption that meeting stringent standards increases primarily the fixed costs of exporting. Once firms enter the market, however, standards do not impact the level of exports. The analysis also finds a greater marginal effect of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) standards on the probability of trade, relative to other countries' standards, keeping in mind however that on average BRICS standards are less restrictive. The analysis also suggests that exporters in low-income countries are more adversely affected by stricter standards.