Hypernovae and Other Black-Hole-Forming Supernovae
Hypernovae and Other Black-Hole-Forming Supernovae
复制标题
超新星和其他黑洞形成超新星
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Iwamoto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Nomoto;K. Maeda;P. Mazzali;H. Umeda;J. Deng;K. Iwamoto
在过去的几年中，一些特殊的核心坍缩超新星（SNe）被发现。虽然它们的性质相当不同，但它们有一个共同的特征，即至少一些基本参数（爆炸的动能、喷出物的质量、合成的56 Ni的质量），有时是所有参数，都比这类SNe的典型值大，有时超过一个数量级。因此，这些超新星被统称为“超超新星”。这类天体中最著名的天体是SN 1998 bw，它的名声归功于它可能与伽马射线暴GRB 980425有关。本文首先介绍了SN 1998 bw的基本参数是如何从观测和模拟中得到的，并分别讨论了其他超新星的性质。这些超新星似乎来自相当大质量的恒星，在主序星上质量超过20 - 25 M <$，因此形成黑洞。另一方面，也有一些大质量超新星的例子，只有很小的动能。我们认为，具有非旋转黑洞的恒星可能会“安静地”坍缩，喷出少量的重元素（微弱超新星）。相比之下，有旋转黑洞的恒星很可能会产生能量非常高的超新星（Hypernovae）。我们提出了这两种类型的“黑洞形成”超新星不同的核合成功能。超新星的核合成特征是具有较大的丰度比（Zn，Co，V，Ti）/Fe和较小的丰度比（Mn，Cr）/Fe。暗超新星中的核合成以大量的回落为特征。结果表明，最近发现的最缺铁的星星HE 0107 - 5240和其他贫金属的富碳恒星的丰度分布与黑洞形成超新星的丰度分布雅阁，而与对不稳定超新星的丰度分布不一致.这表明形成黑洞的超新星对早期银河系（和宇宙）的化学演化做出了重要贡献。最后，我们讨论了第一（流行III）明星的性质。
During the last few years, a number of exceptional core-collapse supernovae (SNe) have been discovered. Although their properties are rather diverse, they have the common feature that at least some of their basic parameters (kinetic energy of the explosion, mass of the ejecta, mass of the synthesized 56Ni), and sometimes all of them, are larger, sometimes by more than an order of magnitude, than the values typically found for this type of SNe. Therefore, these SNe have been given the collective classification of ‘Hypernovae’ . The best known object in this class is SN 1998bw, which owes its fame to its likely association with the gamma-ray burst GRB 980425. In this paper, we first describe how the basic parameters of SN 1998bw can be derived from observations and modeling, and discuss the properties of other hypernovae individually. These hypernovae seem to come from rather massive stars, being more massive than ~ 20 – 25 M ⊙ on the main-sequence, thus forming black holes. On the other hand, there are some examples of massive SNe with only a small kinetic energy. We suggest that stars with non-rotating black holes are likely to collapse “quietly” ejecting a small amount of heavy elements (Faint supernovae). In contrast, stars with rotating black holes are likely to give rise to very energetic supernovae (Hypernovae). We present distinct nucleosynthesis features of these two types of “black-holeforming” supernovae. Nucleosynthesis in Hypernovae are characterized by larger abundance ratios (Zn,Co,V,Ti)/Fe and smaller (Mn,Cr)/Fe. Nucleosynthesis in Faint supernovae is characterized by a large amount of fall-back. We show that the abundance pattern of the recently discovered most Fe deficient star, HE0107 – 5240, and other extremely metal-poor carbon-rich stars are in good accord with those of black-hole-forming supernovae, but not pair-instability supernovae. This suggests that black-hole-forming supernovae made important contributions to the early Galactic (and cosmic) chemical evolution. Finally we discuss the nature of First (Pop III) Stars.