Operant and Pavlovian contributions to the ontogeny of pecking in ring doves.
Operant and Pavlovian contributions to the ontogeny of pecking in ring doves.
复制标题
操作和巴甫洛夫对环斑鸠啄食个体发育的贡献。
DOI：
10.1002/dev.420250602
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发表时间：
1992
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Silver,R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balsam,PD;Graf,JS;Silver,R
这一系列实验分析了学习在环鸽雏鸟啄食发育中的作用。实验1表明，在分离一段时间后，父母很有可能会喂食乳鸽(实验1)。这样的喂养可能对产生先前的观察(Graf，Balsam和Silver，1985)至关重要，即如果与父母分离的雏鸽每天与种子互动20分钟，然后立即回到父母身边，啄食就会正常发展。实验2表明，暴露在种子中，然后由实验者提供饲料，足以诱导成虫啄食水平。实验3表明，共同种的一般经验不是啄食发育所必需的，仅靠成熟不能解释先前实验中观察到的啄食。实验4表明，巴甫洛夫偶然性，包括视觉暴露于种子，然后喂食，足以诱导高水平的啄食。在实验5中，当乳鸽在喂食之前被允许同时看到和啄食种子时，似乎没有额外的操作偶然性存在的贡献。然而，实际上必须给予乳鸽处理和摄取种子的经验，才能获得成年雏鸽的啄食水平。这些结果从经验导致成人行为的发育途径的角度进行了讨论。©1992威利父子公司。Inc.
This series of experiments analyzes the role of learning in the development of pecking in ring dove squab. Experiment 1 showed that there is a high probability that parents will feed squab after a period of separation (Experiment 1). Such feedings may have been essential for producing the previous observation (Graf, Balsam, & Silver, 1985) that pecking develops normally if squab which have been separated from their parents are given a daily 20‐min interaction with seed followed by an immediate return to their parents. Experiment 2 showed that exposure to seed followed by experimenter‐provided feedings were sufficient for inducing adult pecking levels. Experiment 3 showed that general experience with conspecifics was not necessary for the development of pecking and that maturation alone could not account for the pecking observed in previous experiments. Experiment 4 showed that Pavlovian contingencies consisting of visual exposure to seed followed by feeding was sufficient to induce high levels of pecking. There did not appear to be an additional contribution of an operant contingency present when squab were allowed to both see and peck at seed prior to feedings in Experiment 5. However, squab must actually be given experience in handling and ingesting seeds before adult levels of pecking can be obtained. These results are discussed in terms of the developmental pathways whereby experience leads to adult behavior. © 1992 Wiley & sons. Inc.