Social Groups Prioritize Selective Attention to Faces: How Social Identity Shapes Distractor Interference.
Social Groups Prioritize Selective Attention to Faces: How Social Identity Shapes Distractor Interference.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0161426
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Thayer JF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Park G;Van Bavel JJ;Hill LK;Williams DP;Thayer JF
人脸会自动吸引视觉注意力，这个过程似乎是由社会群体成员资格引导的。在两个实验中，我们研究了社会群体如何引导对群体内和群体外面孔的选择性关注。黑人和白人参与者在叠加在面孔上的字母串中检测到目标字母（实验 1）。与内群体（白人）干扰面孔相比，白人参与者在种族外群体（黑人）的试验中准确性较低。同样，与内群体（黑人）干扰面孔相比，黑人参与者在种族外群体（白人）的试验中准确性较低。然而，这种外群体偏见模式只有在高感知负荷下（当任务在视觉上很困难时）才会明显。为了检验这种种族偏见模式的可塑性，将一个单独的参与者样本分配到混合种族的最小群体中（实验 2）。无论种族如何，与最少的外组干扰面孔相比，分配到小组的参与者在试验中的准确度较低。同样，这种外群体偏见模式仅在高感知负荷下才明显。总而言之，这些结果表明，当感知资源稀缺时，社会身份会引导选择性注意与动机相关的社会群体，从种族领域的外群体偏见转向极小群体领域的内群体偏见。
Human faces automatically attract visual attention and this process appears to be guided by social group memberships. In two experiments, we examined how social groups guide selective attention toward in-group and out-group faces. Black and White participants detected a target letter among letter strings superimposed on faces (Experiment 1). White participants were less accurate on trials with racial out-group (Black) compared to in-group (White) distractor faces. Likewise, Black participants were less accurate on trials with racial out-group (White) compared to in-group (Black) distractor faces. However, this pattern of out-group bias was only evident under high perceptual load—when the task was visually difficult. To examine the malleability of this pattern of racial bias, a separate sample of participants were assigned to mixed-race minimal groups (Experiment 2). Participants assigned to groups were less accurate on trials with their minimal in-group members compared to minimal out-group distractor faces, regardless of race. Again, this pattern of out-group bias was only evident under high perceptual load. Taken together, these results suggest that social identity guides selective attention toward motivationally relevant social groups—shifting from out-group bias in the domain of race to in-group bias in the domain of minimal groups—when perceptual resources are scarce.