Attitude toward aging of individuals with experiences with the aged.
Attitude toward aging of individuals with experiences with the aged.
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有老年人经历的个人对老龄化的态度。
DOI：
10.1080/00221325.1958.10532393
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发表时间：
1958
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
I. Lorge
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Tuckman;I. Lorge
差异很大的群体对老龄化的态度与对老年人和老年工人的误解和刻板印象相当一致。这些群体差异很大，从高中生到住院老人(1、2、3、4、5、6)。这类证据是通过两份问卷获得的，受访者在问卷中以“是”或“否”的方式表示接受或拒绝具体的陈述。关于老年人的问卷包括137个关于身体变化、不安全感、个性特征、保守主义等的陈述；关于老年工作者的问卷由51个关于人际关系、精神衰退、对工作的态度等陈述组成。一些实验证据支持了这样的说法：“老年人需要眼镜才能阅读”、“他们速度慢”、“他们已经掉了大部分牙齿”；但是，大多数的说法，如：“老年人很难相处”，“他们从不洗澡”，“年长的员工接受批评时不会生气”，很少或根本没有得到实证研究的支持。1953年，纽约新教福利机构联合会赞助了一系列关于老龄化的讲座讨论，旨在向机构董事会、工作人员和志愿者通报应对老年人的新发展和新想法。92名男性和女性参加了这一系列活动，年龄从25岁到79岁不等。这组人的平均年龄为56岁。这群人，以下称为“宣讲团”，包括目前受雇或在退休前受雇为社工、安老院院长、牧师、职业治疗师、教师、基督教青年会秘书、工业行政人员、工会会员及公共关系专家的人士。
The attitudes toward aging of widely different groups show considerable agreement with the misconceptions and stereotypes about old people and the older worker. The widely different groups range from high school students to institutionalized aged (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). Such evidence was obtained by two questionnaires in which respondents indicated acceptance or rejection of specific statements by a" yes" or" no." The questionnaire about old people consisted of 137 statements about physical change, insecurity, personality traits, conservatism, etc.; the questionnaire about the older worker consisted of 51 statements about interpersonal relationships, mental decline, attitudes toward the job, etc. Statements like" Old people need glasses to read,"" They are slow,"" They have lost most of their teeth" are supported by some experimental evidence; but, the majority of the statements, eg," Old people are hard to get along with,"" They never take a bath,"" Older workers cannot take criticism without getting angry" have little or no support from empirical research.In 1953, the Federation of Protestant Welfare Agencies of New York sponsored a lecture-discussion series on aging, designed to inform agency board and staff members and volunteers of new developments and new ideas for dealing with older people. Ninety-two men and women, ranging in age from 25 to 79 years, attended the series. The average age of the group was 56. The group, hereafter referred to as" lecture group," included individuals currently employed or who prior to retirement had been employed as social workers, directors of homes for the aged, ministers, occupational therapists, teachers, YMCA secretaries, industrial executives, trade unionists, and public relations experts.