Competition and Coexistence
Competition and Coexistence
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-56166-5
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发表时间：
2012-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Prof. Dr. Ulrich Sommer;Dr. Boris Worm
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Prof. Dr. Ulrich Sommer;Dr. Boris Worm
浮游原生动物（草履虫属纤毛虫）是第一个可以证明竞争排斥原理的测试生物（Gause 1934）。当 Hutchinson（1961）使生态界意识到竞争排斥原理与共存物种数量之间的明显矛盾（“浮游生物悖论”；理论基础在本卷第二章中解释）时，浮游生物（现在的浮游植物）再次成为模式生物。这篇文章在引发生态学讨论方面非常富有成果，开发模型来解决浮游生物的悖论成为一项重大挑战。这些尝试中最具影响力的是蒂尔曼（Tilman，1977）的资源竞争理论，该理论再次使用浮游植物（淡水硅藻Asterionella formosa和Cyclotella meneghiniana）进行首次实验测试。在接下来的几十年里，浮游生物作为实验模式生物在竞争与共存分析中仍然发挥着重要作用。在浮游生物中，浮游植物明显偏向，浮游细菌排名第二，浮游动物排名第三。浮游生物的流行有几个原因，其中一些是技术性的，还有一个是更根本性的。
Planktonic protozoa (ciliates of the genusParamecium) were the first test organisms by which the competitive exclusion principle could be demonstrated (Gause 1934). Plankton (now phytoplankton) again served as model organisms when Hutchinson (1961) made the ecological community aware of the apparent contradiction between the competitive exclusion principle and the number of coexisting species (“the paradox of the plankton”; the theoretical foundations are explained in Chap. 2, this Vol.). This article turned out to be extremely fruitful in generating discussion in ecology and developing models to solve the paradox of the plankton became a major challenge. The most influential of these attempts was Tilman’s (1977) theory of resource competition, which again used phytoplankton (the freshwater diatomsAsterionella formosaandCyclotella meneghiniana) for its first experimental test. During the following decades, plankton still played an important role as experimental model organisms in the analysis of competition and coexistence. Within plankton there was a strong bias towards phytoplankton, bacterioplankton ranking second and zooplankton third. The popularity of plankton had several reasons, some of them are more technical, and one reason is more fundamental.