Tracing the Austronesian Footprint in Mainland Southeast Asia: A Perspective from Mitochondrial DNA
Tracing the Austronesian Footprint in Mainland Southeast Asia: A Perspective from Mitochondrial DNA
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追踪南岛人在东南亚大陆的足迹：线粒体 DNA 的视角
DOI：
10.1093/molbev/msq131
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发表时间：
2010-10-01
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
Zhang, Ya-Ping
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Peng, Min-Sheng;Huy Ho Quang;Zhang, Ya-Ping
占婆人是占婆王国的遗民，是东南亚大陆南岛语族的主要使用者，其起源与南岛语族在东南亚大陆的传播有着明显的联系。关于占族的起源问题，语言学和文化学的观点一直是一个争论不休的问题。在分歧点中，有一个混乱的问题，即占族人是从南岛人的地方性或文化传播中产生的。解决这个问题也有助于阐明南岛语的传播模式。在本研究中，我们分析了线粒体DNA（mtDNA）的控制区和编码区序列的变化，在168占和139京族人从越南。大约77%和95%的母系成分在Chams和Kinhs，分别可以分配到定义的mtDNA单倍型群。此外，三个常见的东欧亚单倍型群B，R9和M7占两个群体中母体成分的大部分（> 60%）。从迄今为止未分类的谱系中选择的20个代表性mtDNA的全部测序，以及来自泰国的4个新的mtDNA基因组序列，导致了一个新的单倍群M77的鉴定，并有助于重新评估先前确定的几个单倍群。与其他东南亚人口的比较表明，占士有一个更密切的亲和力与孟高棉人口MSEA比与南岛人口从东南亚（ISEA）。进一步的分析未能在ISEA中发现Chams人的潜在家园。因此，我们的研究结果表明，占族的起源可能是一个大规模的本地孟高棉人口的同化过程伴随着语言的转变，从而表明，南岛语在MSEA的扩散主要是由文化传播介导的，至少从母系遗传的角度来看，观察与Nusantao海上贸易和通信网络的假设。
As the relic of the ancient Champa Kingdom, the Cham people represent the major Austronesian speakers in Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA) and their origin is evidently associated with the Austronesian diffusion in MSEA. Hitherto, hypotheses stemming mainly from linguistic and cultural viewpoints on the origin of the Cham people remain a welter of controversies. Among the points of dissension is the muddled issue of whether the Cham people arose from demic or cultural diffusion from the Austronesians. Addressing this issue also helps elucidate the dispersal mode of the Austronesian language. In the present study, we have analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region and coding-region sequence variations in 168 Cham and 139 Kinh individuals from Vietnam. Around 77% and 95% matrilineal components in the Chams and the Kinhs, respectively, could be assigned into the defined mtDNA haplogroups. Additionally, three common East Eurasian haplogroups B, R9, and M7 account for the majority (> 60%) of maternal components in both populations. Entire sequencing of 20 representative mtDNAs selected from the thus far unclassified lineages, together with four new mtDNA genome sequences from Thailand, led to the identification of one new haplogroup M77 and helped to re-evaluate several haplogroups determined previously. Comparing the Chams with other Southeast Asian populations reveals that the Chams had a closer affinity with the Mon-Khmer populations in MSEA than with the Austronesian populations from Island Southeast Asia (ISEA). Further analyses failed to detect the potential homelands of the Chams in ISEA. Therefore, our results suggested that the origin of the Cham was likely a process of assimilation of massive local Mon-Khmer populations accompanied with language shift, thus indicating that the Austronesian diffusion in MSEA was mainly mediated by cultural diffusion, at least from the matrilineal genetic perspective, an observation in agreement with the hypothesis of the Nusantao Maritime Trading and Communication Networks.