Evaluating Multi-Radar, Multi-Sensor Products for Surface Hailfall Diagnosis
Evaluating Multi-Radar, Multi-Sensor Products for Surface Hailfall Diagnosis
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评估用于地面冰雹诊断的多雷达、多传感器产品
DOI：
10.55599/ejssm.v13i1.69
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Ortega
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Ortega
多雷达、多传感器（MRMS）系统的作战部署为冰雹探测提供了新产品。MRMS产品是在空间网格上提供的，可以提供冰雹大小和冰雹的空间范围和分布的信息。这些信息对广大受众都很重要，包括需要关注警告验证区域的预警预报员和需要验证索赔的保险用户。产品通常使用风暴数据中的冰雹报告进行验证和评估，这些报告是由当地国家气象局办公室收集的。美国国家强风暴实验室开展了一个项目，以高空间分辨率收集冰雹报告，包括风暴附近“无冰雹”的报告。这个名为“严重灾害分析与验证实验”（SHAVE）的项目在10年的运行中收集了数万份冰雹报告。调查了389次剃须操作，产生了21 184次剃须报告和2814次风暴数据报告。对9种MRMS产品进行了评价，最低高度的反射率对任何大小的冰雹都有最好的识别能力，最大预期冰雹产品的最大大小对特大冰雹有最好的识别能力。基于SHAVE和Storm数据的评估显示了产品技能得分的显著差异。讨论了冰雹报告数据库与反射率垂直剖面的差异。
The operational deployment of the multi-radar, multi-sensor (MRMS) system has made available new products to use for hail detection. MRMS products are provided on a spatial grid and can give information on hail size and the spatial extent and distribution of the hail fall. This information is important to a wide audience, including warning forecasters needing to focus on areas for warning verification and insurance users needing to verify a claim. Products are typically verified and evaluated using hail reports from Storm Data, which are reports collected by local National Weather Service Offices. The National Severe Storms Laboratory conducted a project to collect reports of hail, including reports of “no hail” near storms, at high spatial resolution. This project, the Severe Hazards Analysis and Verification Experiment (SHAVE), collected tens of thousands of hail reports over ten years of operations. Three-hundred eighty-nine SHAVE operations, which yielded 21 184 SHAVE reports and 2814 Storm Data reports, are investigated. Nine MRMS products were evaluated with the reflectivity at lowest altitude demonstrating the best discrimination for where hail of any size fell and the maximum expected size of hail product provided the best discrimination for severe-sized hail. SHAVE- and Storm Data-based evaluations showed marked differences in product skill scores. Discussions on the differences between the hail report databases and explorations of vertical profiles of reflectivity are included.