The impact of the Ischia Porto Tephra eruption (Italy) on the Greek colony of Pithekoussai
The impact of the Ischia Porto Tephra eruption (Italy) on the Greek colony of Pithekoussai
复制标题
伊斯基亚波尔图特弗拉火山喷发（意大利）对希腊殖民地皮特库赛的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2013.01.002
复制
发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
F. Sansivero
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Vita;M. Vito;C. Gialanella;F. Sansivero
伊斯基亚岛是一个活跃的火山场，其活动可以追溯到150多年前。从新石器时代开始，它经历了人类殖民和火山爆发的复杂历史，火山爆发摧毁了定居点，赶走了人口。最近的考古和火山学研究表明，至少从希腊建立皮特库赛（公元前8世纪）以来，人类就不得不周期性地面对火山和相关的危险现象。公元前5世纪，历史学家斯特拉博（Strabo）报告说，一次大地地震导致岛上的叙拉古（Syracusan）军事前哨被遗弃。在火山学文献中，伊斯基亚港特弗拉火山喷发被认为是最有可能的罪魁祸首。火山喷发在岛的东北角形成了一个火山口湖，并形成了一个分散不佳的火山碎屑沉积物，由一系列岩浆和呼吸岩浆岩屑和浮石沉降床组成，层间有少量火山碎屑密度流沉积物。最近的发掘工作提供了明确的证据，表明这次喷发对位于伊斯基亚港以东的S. Pietro山上的一个定居点产生了影响。考古发现包括成堆的建筑材料，装饰性的陶土面板和一些陶土antefix碎片。发现的材料的空间分布，瓦片和其他建筑材料的堆叠，以及没有任何结构遗迹，表明这是一个建造寺庙的建筑工地。据书面资料证实，虽然遗址和军事要塞被遗弃，但殖民地幸存了下来。
The island of Ischia is an active volcanic field, whose activity dates back to more than 150 ka. From Neolithic times it experienced a complex history of human colonization and volcanic eruptions that destroyed settlements and drove away the population. Recent archaeological and volcanological research has demonstrated that humans have periodically had to face volcanic and related hazardous phenomena since at least the Greek foundation of Pithekoussai (8th century BC). During the 5th century BC a telluric event is reported by the historian Strabo to have caused the abandonment of a Syracusan military outpost on the island. In the volcanological literature the Ischia Porto Tephra eruption has been identified as the most likely culprit. The eruption formed a crater lake in the north-eastern corner of the island and emplaced a poorly dispersed pyroclastic deposit, composed of a sequence of magmatic and phreatomagmatic scoria- and pumice-fallout beds, interlayered with minor pyroclastic density current deposits. Recent excavations furnished clear evidence of the impact of this eruption on a settlement located on S. Pietro Hill, to the east of Ischia's harbour. The archaeological finds include mounds of building materials, pieces of decorative terracotta panels and a few terracotta antefix fragments. The spatial distribution of the material found, the presence of stacks of tiles and other building materials and the absence of any structural remains, suggest that this was a building site for the construction of a temple. As written sources confirm, although the site and the military garrison were abandoned, the colony survived.