EXPERIMENTELLE UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER DIE AUTOMATIE, TEMPERATURABHANGIGKEIT UND ARBEIT DES EMBRYONALEN FISCHHERZENS, UNTER BESONDERER BERUCKSICHTIGUNG DER SALMONIDEN UND SCYLLIORHINIDEN
EXPERIMENTELLE UNTERSUCHUNGEN UBER DIE AUTOMATIE, TEMPERATURABHANGIGKEIT UND ARBEIT DES EMBRYONALEN FISCHHERZENS, UNTER BESONDERER BERUCKSICHTIGUNG DER SALMONIDEN UND SCYLLIORHINIDEN
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00297690
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发表时间：
1959-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
HUGGEL, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HUGGEL, H
介绍了一种新的生理性营养液。从脉搏开始的那一刻起，胚胎鱼心就表现出与温度的关系。详细研究了虹彩鲑鱼、尖吻蟹、黑口斜纹夜蛾。这些物种中的每一个都有一个生物动力学温度范围的特征，尽管不是特定于物种的。它的特点是在发展过程中变化的模式，在不同时代的不同细分，以及最终的形式。青蟹和鲑鱼在早期阶段的温度范围基本不同(青蟹17℃，鲑鱼29℃)。温度-频率曲线的最终形式允许建立3种心脏频率相对于温度的调节类型。增加离体心包内压会导致心搏开始时的幅度和搏动体积增加，而心跳频率不受明显影响。早期胚胎心脏和正在分化的心脏对过度压力的反应不同。早期胚胎心脏表现出一种“可塑性”行为，不能产生必要的反压力，以超过正常压力0.1-1厘米H2O。较老的阶段，如70个体节，对过大的压力做出反应，干扰刺激的传导，就像成年人的心脏一样。根据心内压和搏动容量的直接记录，计算出的心功为9.3×10~(-5)~2.8×10~(-2)ergs/Pulse。鲑鱼和青蟹的心脏搏动始于体节33-35期，心脏的静脉3D在一个严格限定的环形部分或在心脏的两个口腔部分开始。第一次搏动总是有节奏地开始，并包括一个区域，约占平均心脏节段总长度的30%-40%。静脉-动脉频率梯度(初级自律性梯度)从一开始就存在。自动症的传播同时发生在静脉和动脉方向，首先到达静脉，然后到达动脉，心脏末端。(极端自律性的条件)。自动症的传播过程与单个心脏节段的心跳频率逐渐增加的过程同时发生。频率最高的是心脏的静脉部分，最低的是动脉。频率的增加导致静脉和动脉自律区的形成，由于局部自律性的丧失，这两个区变得更加分开。以这种方式形成的两个频率较高的区域对应于胚胎心脏中心。最终的心脏中心是由自律性逐渐丧失、静脉胚胎心脏中心向后移位和心脏动脉部分出现局部自律性丧失的2D区域形成的。这样就形成了3个自律性中心(根据v.Skramlik，B型心脏)，其3D(最后一条动脉)随着自律性(具有2个自律性中心的心脏，C型，v.Skramlik)的逐渐丧失而在萨尔蒙迪亚消失。
A new physiological nutrient solution is described. The embryonic fish-heart exhibits a relationship to temperature from the moment the pulse begins. The following species were studied in detail Salmo fario Salmo irideus, Scylliorhinus canicula, Pristiurus melanostomus. Each of these species possess a characteristic, although not species-specific, biokinetic temperature range. It was characterized by the mode of its variation in the course of development, its various sub-division at various ages, and its final form. Scylliorhinidia and Salmonidia differ basically in the extent of the temperature range of the early stages (Scylliorhinidia 17[degree]C, Salmonidia 29[degree]C). The final form of the temperature-frequency curve permits the establishment of 3 kinds of regulation types of heart-frequency with respect to temperature. Increasing the internal pressure of isolated heart utricle causes an increase in amplitude and beating-volume from the time when the pulse begins, whereas the heart-frequency is not significantly affected. The early embryonic heart and that undergoing differentiation differ in their reaction to excess pressure. The early embryonic heart exhibits a "plastic" behavior and is not able to produce the necessary counter-pressure to pressures exceeding normal ones by 0.1-1 cm H2O. Older stages, such as 70 somites, react to excess pressure with disturbances of the conduction of stimulus, as in adult hearts. The heart-work was calculated to be 9.3 x 10-5 to 2.8 x 10-2 ergs/pulse from direct registration of the inner pressure and the beating-volume. In Salmonidia and Scylliorhinidia the heart pulse begins during somite stages 33-35 in the venous 3d of the heart at a closely defined, ring-shaped portion or at 2 oral portions of the heart. The 1st pulsations always start rhythmically and include a region which comprises about 30-40% of the total length in the average heart segment. A venous-arterial frequency gradient (primary automatism gradient) is present from the beginning. The spread of automatism occurs in the venous and arterial directions simultaneously, reaching 1st the venous, and then the arterial, end of the heart. (Condition of ubiguitous automatism). The process of the spread of automatism occurs simultaneously with the process of progressive increase in the heart frequency of individual heart segments. The frequency is highest-in the venous portion of the heart and lowest in the arterial. The increase in frequency leads to the formation of a venous and an arterial zone of automatism which become further separated from one another by the loss of local automatism. The 2 regions with higher frequency which are formed in this way correspond to the embryonic heart-centers. The final heart-centers arise by progressive loss of automatism, the backward displacement of the venous-embryonic heart-center, and the appearance of a 2d area with loss of local automatism in the arterial part of the heart. In this way 3 centers of automatism are formed (heart of Type B, according to v. Skramlik) the 3d of which (last arterial) disappears in Salmonidia by progressive loss of automatism (heart with 2 centers of automatism, Type C, v. Skramlik).