Transforming genes of retroviruses.
Transforming genes of retroviruses.
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转化逆转录病毒的基因。
DOI：
10.1101/sqb.1980.044.01.005
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发表时间：
1980
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Duesberg,PH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duesberg,PH
逆转录病毒是唯一已知的一类携带转化基因的病毒，这些基因没有基本的复制或结构功能。换句话说，从病毒的角度来看，onc基因是不必要的。病毒癌基因的功能、起源、目的甚至数量在很大程度上仍是肿瘤学上的未知领域，但它们的遗传结构已成为一个活跃的实验领域。本文的目的是发展我们在第44届冷泉港病毒癌基因研讨会前夕所获得的病毒癌基因的图像。1969年引入了更通用的术语病毒癌基因（Huebner and Todaro 1969），后来专门用于逆转录病毒的转化基因（巴尔的摩1975）。讨论将集中在两组研究最充分的逆转录病毒（Fenner 1976）--禽类RNA肿瘤病毒，其原型是劳斯肉瘤病毒（RSV），和鼠RNA肿瘤病毒，其原型是格罗斯鼠白血病病毒（MuLV）（Tooze 1973）。一个分类群可由三个基本病毒体基因中的一个或多个定义：保守的gag基因，其编码病毒的内部结构蛋白，称为群特异性抗原;保守的pol基因，其编码DNA聚合酶;以及env基因，其包括可变元件并编码包膜糖蛋白（Tooze 1973;巴尔的摩1975）。在每个分类组中，可以根据其致癌特性区分几类病毒：（1）肉瘤病毒，（2）转化成纤维细胞的急性白血病病毒（I类），（3）不转化成纤维细胞的急性白血病病毒（II类），和（4）非缺陷性淋巴白血病病毒（表1）。
Retroviruses are the only known class of viruses that carry transforming onc genes that are without essential replicative or structural function. In other words, onc genes are nonessential from a viral point of view. The function, origin, purpose, and even number of viral onc genes are still largely oncologic terra incognita, but their genetic structure has become a field of active experimentation. It is the purpose of this paper to develop the image of viral onc genes that we had on the eve of the 44th Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on viral oncogenes. The more generic term, viral oncogenes, was introduced in 1969 (Huebner and Todaro 1969), and later the term onc gene was adopted specifically for the transforming genes of retroviruses (Baltimore 1975). The discussion will focus on two of the best-studied groups of the retroviruses (Fenner 1976)--the avian RNA tumor viruses, whose prototype is Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), and the murine RNA tumor viruses, whose prototype is Gross murine leukemia virus (MuLV)(Tooze 1973). A taxonomic group can be defined by one or more of the three essential virion genes: the conserved gag gene, which codes for the internal structural proteins of the virus, termed group-specific antigens; the conserved pol gene, which codes for DNA polymerase; and the env gene, which includes variable elements and codes for envelope glycoproteins (Tooze 1973; Baltimore 1975). In each taxonomic group, several classes of viruses can be distinguished on the basis of their oncogenic properties:(1) the sarcoma viruses,(2) the acute leukemia viruses that transform fibroblasts (class I),(3) the acute leukemia viruses that do not transform fibroblasts (class II), and (4) the nondefective lymphatic leukemia viruses (Table 1).