Proinflammatory phenotype of perivascular adipocytes.
Proinflammatory phenotype of perivascular adipocytes.
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DOI：
10.1161/atvbaha.114.303030
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发表时间：
2014-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Weintraub NL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Omar A;Chatterjee TK;Tang Y;Hui DY;Weintraub NL
血管周围脂肪组织（PVAT）直接邻接管道动脉的外膜，并与血管壁积极沟通，以调节血管功能和炎症。越来越多的证据表明，PVAT的生物活性是由血管周围（PV）脂肪细胞，一个独特的脂肪细胞具有独特的分子和表型特征。人冠状动脉周围的血管周围脂肪细胞（冠状动脉周围PV脂肪细胞）表现出成脂分化的降低状态和促炎状态的升高，与来自其他区域贮库的脂肪细胞相比，分泌高达50倍的促炎细胞因子MCP-1水平。因此，PV脂肪细胞可能有助于在动脉粥样硬化的人血管中观察到的PVAT炎症的上调。另一方面，PV脂肪细胞还分泌抗炎分子，如脂联素，并且在啮齿动物模型中消除PVAT已显示出增加血管疾病，表明需要一定量的PVAT来维持血管稳态。动物模型和人类中的证据表明，PVAT的炎症可能受到环境因素的调节，如高脂饮食和烟草烟雾，这些因素与动脉粥样硬化相关。这些发现表明，PVAT的炎性表型是多样的，这取决于物种，解剖位置和环境因素，这些差异在确定PVAT在血管疾病中的致病作用与保护作用方面具有根本重要性。进一步研究调节PV脂肪细胞炎症平衡的机制可能会对心血管疾病产生新的见解和治疗策略。
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) directly abuts the lamina adventitia of conduit arteries and actively communicates with the vessel wall to regulate vascular function and inflammation. Mounting evidence suggests that the biological activities of PVAT are governed by perivascular (PV) adipocytes, a unique class of adipocyte with distinct molecular and phenotypic characteristics. Perivascular adipocytes surrounding human coronary arteries (pericoronary PV adipocytes) exhibit a reduced state of adipogenic differentiation and a heightened pro-inflammatory state, secreting up to 50-fold higher levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine MCP-1 as compared with adipocytes from other regional depots. Thus, PV adipocytes may contribute to upregulated inflammation of PVAT observed in atherosclerotic human blood vessels. On the other hand, PV adipocytes also secrete anti-inflammatory molecules such as adiponectin, and elimination of PVAT in rodent models has been shown to augment vascular disease, suggesting that some amount of PVAT is required to maintain vascular homeostasis. Evidence in animal models and in humans suggests that inflammation of PVAT may be modulated by environmental factors, such as high fat diet and tobacco smoke, which are relevant to atherosclerosis. These findings suggest that the inflammatory phenotype of PVAT is diverse depending on species, anatomic location, and environmental factors, and that these differences are fundamentally important in determining a pathogenic versus protective role of PVAT in vascular disease. Further research into the mechanisms that regulate the inflammatory balance of PV adipocytes may yield new insight into, and treatment strategies for, cardiovascular disease.