Generalized Bose-Einstein condensation into multiple states in driven-dissipative systems.
Generalized Bose-Einstein condensation into multiple states in driven-dissipative systems.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1103/physrevlett.111.240405
复制
发表时间：
2013-08
影响因子：
8.6
通讯作者：
D. Vorberg;W. Wustmann;R. Ketzmerick;A. Eckardt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Vorberg;W. Wustmann;R. Ketzmerick;A. Eckardt
玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚，宏观上占据一个量子态，出现在平衡态量子统计力学中，并且在接近平衡态的流体力学状态下也持续存在。在这里，我们表明，即使当一个简并玻色气体被驱动到一个稳定的状态远离平衡，在那里的概念，一个单粒子基态变得毫无意义，玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚生存在一个广义的形式：明确选择的奇数个国家获得大的职业。在平均场理论中，我们导出了一个标准，当一个单一的状态，当多个状态是玻色选择在一个非相互作用的气体。我们研究了几种驱动耗散模型系统中的这种效应，并提出了一种基于一个和三个选择态之间转换的热导率量子开关。
Bose-Einstein condensation, the macroscopic occupation of a single quantum state, appears in equilibrium quantum statistical mechanics and persists also in the hydrodynamic regime close to equilibrium. Here we show that even when a degenerate Bose gas is driven into a steady state far from equilibrium, where the notion of a single-particle ground state becomes meaningless, Bose-Einstein condensation survives in a generalized form: the unambiguous selection of an odd number of states acquiring large occupations. Within mean-field theory we derive a criterion for when a single state and when multiple states are Bose selected in a noninteracting gas. We study the effect in several driven-dissipative model systems, and propose a quantum switch for heat conductivity based on shifting between one and three selected states.