The captured launch of a ballistospore
The captured launch of a ballistospore
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DOI：
10.3852/mycologia.97.4.866
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发表时间：
2005-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Money, NP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pringle, A;Patek, SN;Money, NP
30000种蘑菇、担子菌、酵母菌和致病性锈菌和黑穗病菌的特征是孢子排出。放电的生物力学可能涉及与布勒滴和孢子的聚结相关的质心的突然变化。然而，这一过程发生得如此之快，以致于从来没有看到过弹射孢子的发射。在这里，我们报告超高速视频记录的孢子传播的最早期的事件，使用酵母Itersonilia perplexans和远亲果冻真菌木耳。以高达100 000帧/秒的相机速度拍摄的图像表明，弹道孢子放电确实涉及布勒滴和孢子的聚结。对L perplexans的记录表明，虽然聚结可能是由于布勒滴在孢子上的定向坍塌，但它也可能涉及孢子向滴的运动。聚结时表面张力的释放提供了能量和定向动量，以推动液滴和孢子远离真菌。分析表明，弹道孢子以超过10 000 g的初始加速度发射到空气中。在动物、植物或细菌中没有已知的这种微机械过程的类似物，但是最近开发的表面张力马达可能模仿这里描述的真菌生物学。
Ballistospore discharge is a feature of 30 000 species of mushrooms, basidiomycete yeasts and pathogenic rusts and smuts. The biomechanics of discharge may involve an abrupt change in the center of mass associated with the coalescence of Buller's drop and the spore. However this process occurs so rapidly that the launch of the ballistospore has never been visualized. Here we report ultra highspeed video recordings of the earliest events of spore dispersal using the yeast Itersonilia perplexans and the distantly related jelly fungus Auricularia auricula. Images taken at camera speeds of up to 100 000 frames/s demonstrate that ballistospore discharge does involve the coalescence of Buller's drop and the spore. Recordings of L perplexans demonstrate that although coalescence may result from the directed collapse of Buller's drop onto the spore, it also may involve the movement of the spore toward the drop. The release of surface tension at coalescence provides the energy and directional momentum to propel the drop and spore away from the fungus. Analyses show that ballistospores launch into the air at initial accelerations in excess of 10 000 g. There is no known analog of this micromechanical process in animals, plants or bacteria, but the recent development of a surface tension motor may mimic the fungal biology described here.