Development of a simple and objective evaluation for thichened liquid using funnels.
Development of a simple and objective evaluation for thichened liquid using funnels.
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使用漏斗对稠化液体进行简单而客观的评估。
DOI：
10.1111/jtxs.12235
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kayashita J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Watanabe E;Yamagata Y;Kogirima M;Miyamoto K;Kayashita J.
一些吞咽困难患者容易吸入低粘度液体。通常使用增稠的液体来防止吸入。给患者输注适当浓度的增稠液体，浓度应始终恒定。虽然旋转和锥板粘度计用于评估增稠液体，但它们是高精度和昂贵的设备。因此，为了控制液体的厚度，需要一种简单而客观的评价方法。我们开发了一种方法来评估使用漏斗增稠的液体，并验证了这种方法的适当性。我们测量了五种稠化液体通过漏斗的流出时间。一种增稠的液体是市售的营养补充剂，另一种是用含有瓜尔胶的增稠剂制成的，所有其他的都是用含有黄原胶的增稠剂制成的。测试了具有不同柄尺寸的四个漏斗。我们发现，当漏斗的平均内径在5.3-9.0 mm范围内，并且倒入漏斗中的液体体积为30 mL时，增稠液体通过漏斗的流出时间取决于其在10和50 s-1之间的剪切速率下的粘度。具有5.3mm的平均茎ID的漏斗的感官评价值和流出时间之间的相关系数为0.946。因此，这种方法可能是有用的，在医院和疗养院的厨房评估增稠liquids.Practical applicationsThe研究结果将有助于开发一种新的方法，用于评估增稠液体。在该方法中使用了由聚丙烯制成的漏斗，其便宜且轻。测量增稠液体通过漏斗的流出时间的过程很简单，我们可以获得客观的定量数据。尽管线扩散试验（LST）作为一种简单的测量方法是众所周知的，但使用含有瓜尔胶的增稠剂增稠的营养补充剂和液体尚未被准确地评估。漏斗法被发现有一个更强的相关性与感官评价相比，LST。该方法可用于医院和疗养院厨房评估增稠液体。
Some patients with dysphagia are prone to aspiration of low‐viscosity liquids. Thickened liquids are often used in attempts to prevent aspiration. The patients should be given thickened liquids with suitable thickness, and the thickness should be constant at all time. While rotational and cone‐and‐plate viscometers are used for the evaluation of thickened liquids, they are high‐precision and expensive equipment. To control the thickness of liquids, a simple and objective evaluation method is thus necessary. We developed a method to evaluate thickened liquids using funnels, and verified the appropriateness of this method. We measured the outflow times of five thickened liquids through funnels. One of the thickened liquids was a commercially available nutritional supplement, another was made with a thickening agent that contained guar gum, and all others were made with a thickening agent that contained xanthan gum. Four funnels with different stem sizes were tested. We found that the outflow time of thickened liquids through a funnel depended on their viscosities at a shear rate between 10 and 50 s−1, when the average inner diameter of the stem was in the range of 5.3–9.0 mm, and the volume of the liquid poured into the funnel was 30 mL. The correlation coefficient between the value of the sensory evaluation and the outflow time of the funnel with an average stem ID of 5.3 mm was 0.946. Therefore, this method may be useful in hospital and nursing home kitchens for evaluating thickened liquids.Practical applicationsThe findings of this study will help develop a new method for the evaluation of thickened liquids. Funnels made from polypropylene, which are inexpensive and light, were used in this method. The process for measuring the outflow time of thickened liquids through a funnel is simple, and we can obtain quantitative data that are objective. Even though line spread test (LST) is well known as a simple measurement method, nutritional supplements and liquids thickened using a thickening agent containing guar gum have not been evaluated accurately. The funnel method was found to have a stronger correlation with sensory evaluation compared to LST. This method is useful in hospital and nursing home kitchens for evaluating thickened liquids.