Gender gaps: who needs to be explained?
Gender gaps: who needs to be explained?
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性别差距：谁需要解释？
DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.61.1.5
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发表时间：
1991
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Buck,ML
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miller,DT;Taylor,B;Buck,ML
我们考察了一种假设，即对范畴的原型成员和非原型成员之间的差异的解释将更多地关注后者的属性，而不是前者的属性。对选民、小学教师和大学教授行为中所谓的性别差异进行了解释。正如预测的那样，对3个类别中的性别差异的解释强调了“离经叛道”成员的素质。党卫军对选民和大学教授行为中所谓的性别差距的解释更多地关注女性的品质，而不是男性的品质。相比之下，SS对小学教师行为中所谓的性别差异的解释更多地关注男性的素质，而不是女性的素质。结果用Kahneman和Miller(1986)的范数理论来解释。
The hypothesis that explanations for differences between prototypical and nonprototypical members of categories would focus more on attributes of the latter than on those of the former was examined. Explanations for alleged gender differences in the behavior of voters, elementary school teachers, and college professors were elicited. As predicted, explanations for gender differences within the 3 categories emphasized the qualities of the “deviant” member. Ss' explanations of alleged gender gaps in the behavior of voters and college professors focused more on qualities of women than on qualities of men. In contrast, Ss' explanations of an alleged gender gap in the behavior of elementary school teachers focused more on qualities of men than on qualities of women. The results are interpreted in terms of Kahneman and Miller's (1986) norm theory.