Towards single-species selectivity of membranes with subnanometre pores
Towards single-species selectivity of membranes with subnanometre pores
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DOI：
10.1038/s41565-020-0713-6
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发表时间：
2020-06-01
影响因子：
38.3
通讯作者：
Elimelech, Menachem
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Epsztein, Razi;DuChanois, Ryan M.;Elimelech, Menachem
具有亚纳米级孔隙的合成膜是从水中分离溶质的过程的核心，例如水净化和脱盐。虽然这些膜方法已经取得了实质性的工业成功，但是现有技术的膜从溶质混合物中选择性地分离单一溶质的能力是有限的。这种高精度的分离将使处理适合目的，提高目前水处理工艺的可持续性，并为膜技术的新应用打开大门。在这里，我们介绍了具有亚纳米孔的最先进的膜的挑战，以实现溶质之间的高选择性。然后，我们分析实验和理论文献，讨论分子水平的机制，有助于通过亚纳米孔溶质运输的能量障碍。最后，我们提供了设计下一代单物种选择性膜的原则和指导方针，这些膜的灵感来自于离子选择性生物通道，具有亚纳米孔的膜具有提供溶质-溶质选择性的潜力。这一观点探讨了挑战，并为设计下一代单物种选择性膜提供了指导方针
Synthetic membranes with pores at the subnanometre scale are at the core of processes for separating solutes from water, such as water purification and desalination. While these membrane processes have achieved substantial industrial success, the capability of state-of-the-art membranes to selectively separate a single solute from a mixture of solutes is limited. Such high-precision separation would enable fit-for-purpose treatment, improving the sustainability of current water-treatment processes and opening doors for new applications of membrane technologies. Herein, we introduce the challenges of state-of-the-art membranes with subnanometre pores to achieve high selectivity between solutes. We then analyse experimental and theoretical literature to discuss the molecular-level mechanisms that contribute to energy barriers for solute transport through subnanometre pores. We conclude by providing principles and guidelines for designing next-generation single-species selective membranes that are inspired by ion-selective biological channels.Membranes with subnanometre pores have the potential to provide solute-to-solute selectivity. This Perspective explores challenges and provides guidelines for designing next-generation single-species selective membranes