Rural Smart Shrinkage and Perceptions of Quality of Life in the American Midwest

Rural Smart Shrinkage and Perceptions of Quality of Life in the American Midwest
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美国中西部农村智能收缩和生活质量感知

DOI:
10.1007/978-3-030-50540-0_20
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
International handbooks of qualityoflife
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Hamideh, S.
Hamideh, S.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zarecor, K.;Peters, D.;Hamideh, S.

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自20世纪80年代以来,美国中西部的农村社区经历了人口萎缩、年轻人外流、失业和基础设施老化的剧变。有证据表明,这些趋势在大多数地方不太可能逆转。尽管如此,高成本和未经证实的经济增长战略仍被宣传为最适当的对策。本章介绍了一个跨学科的研究项目的结果,生活质量(QoL)在农村爱荷华州,建议改变分析范式,在这种情况下,从增长到一个认为适应人口损失的一种形式的弹性。使用定性和定量数据,研究考虑了爱荷华州一些萎缩的农村社区如何比其他社区更好地适应环境。研究表明,这些城镇生活质量感知的负面趋势最好通过投资社区服务和社会资本而不是经济发展来缓解。这一过程被称为农村智能收缩,这一术语是从关于缩小城市的研究中借用的,并首次应用于农村社区。该框架不再将人口损失与社区衰退联系起来,而是强调有意识的低成本战略,这些战略可能会在未来维持不断缩小的农村社区。
Rural communities in the American Midwest have experienced upheaval since the 1980s with shrinking populations, an exodus of younger people, job losses, and aging infrastructure. Evidence shows that these trends are unlikely to be reversed in most places. Despite this, high-cost and unproven economic growth strategies are still promoted as the most appropriate responses. This chapter presents findings from an interdisciplinary research project about quality of life (QoL) in rural Iowa that proposes changing the analytical paradigm in this context from growth to one that sees adaptation to population loss as a form of resiliency. Using qualitative and quantitative data, the research considers how some shrinking rural communities in Iowa have been better able to adapt than others. The research shows that negative trends in QoL perceptions in these towns were best mitigated by investing in community services and social capital, rather than in economic development. This process is described as rural smart shrinkage, a term borrowed from research on shrinking cities and applied here to rural communities for the first time. The framework shifts away from associating population loss with community decline and instead emphasizes intentional and low-cost strategies that may sustain shrinking rural communities into the future.
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