Prevalence and energy intake from snacking in Brazil: analysis of the first nationwide individual survey.
Prevalence and energy intake from snacking in Brazil: analysis of the first nationwide individual survey.
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DOI：
10.1038/ejcn.2013.60
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发表时间：
2013-08
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Popkin, B. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duffey, K. J.;Pereira, R. A.;Popkin, B. M.
零食在全球范围内增加。我们研究了巴西的零食模式和常见的零食。使用了第一次巴西全国代表性饮食调查（2008-2009年）中34，003人（年龄≥10岁）的两个非连续食物日记中的第一个数据。进餐定义为在一天中的选定时间（早餐，上午6点至上午10点;午餐，中午12点至下午3点;晚餐，下午6点至晚上9点）报告的最大（千卡）进食事件;所有其他进食场合均被视为零食。我们估计每日能量摄入量，消费百分比，每日零食数量，人均和每位消费者从零食中获得的能量（千卡/天，千卡/零食，每日零食能量的百分比）。74%的巴西人（≥10岁）吃零食，平均每天吃1.6份零食。23%的样本是重度零食者（≥3次零食/d）。在整个样本中，零食占每日能量摄入的21%，但在重度零食者中占35.5%。与不吃零食的人（1548千卡/天）相比，吃零食少的人（1-2份零食/天）和吃零食多的人每天消耗更多的能量（分别为1929和2334千卡/天）。按一天中的时间划分，报告下午/傍晚吃零食的人比例最大（下午3：01-5：59，47.7%）。甜咖啡和茶，糖果和甜点，水果，加糖甜菜（SSB）和高热量Salgados（油炸/烘焙面团与肉/奶酪/蔬菜）是最常食用的前5种零食。按年龄组观察到差异。观察到了商业销售的趋势，特别是SSB。在巴西，许多经常食用的零食在美国被归类为高固体脂肪和添加糖（SoFAS）。巴西零食对公共健康的影响需要进一步探讨。
Snacking has increased globally. We examine snacking patterns and common snack foods in Brazil. Data from the first of two non-consecutive food diaries from 34,003 individuals (aged ≥10 years) in the first Brazillian nationally representative dietary survey (2008-2009) were used. Meals were defined as the largest (kcal) eating event reported during select times of the day (Breakfast, 6am-10am; Lunch, 12pm-3pm; Dinner, 6pm-9pm); all other eating occasions were considered snacks. We estimate daily energy intake, percent consuming, number of daily snacks, and per capita and per consumer energy from snacks (kcal/d, kcal/snack, and % of daily energy from snacks). 74% of Brazilians (≥10 years) snacked, reporting an average 1.6 snacks/d. 23% of the sample were heavy snackers (≥3 snacks/d). Snacking accounted for 21% of daily energy intake in the full sample, but 35.5% among heavy snackers. Compared to non-snackers (1548 kcal/d), light (1-2 snacks/d) and heavy snackers consumed more daily energy (1929 and 2334 kcal/d, respectively). By time of day, the largest percent of persons reported afternoon/early evening snacking (3:01-5:59 pm, 47.7%). Sweetened Coffee & Tea, Sweets & Desserts, Fruit, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSB), and high-calorie Salgados (Fried/baked dough with Meat/Cheese/Vegetable) were the top 5 most commonly consumed snacks. Differences were observed by age groups. Trends in commercial sales were observed, especially for SSB’s. Many commonly consumed snack foods in Brazil are classified, in the US, as being high in solid fats and added sugars (SoFAS). The public health impact of snacking in Brazil requires further exploration.
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DOI：
10.1590/s0034-89102005000400003
发表时间：
2005-08-01
期刊：
Revista de Saúde Pública
影响因子：
--
作者：
Levy-Costa, Renata Bertazzi;Sichieri, Rosely;Monteiro, Carlos Augusto
通讯作者：
Monteiro, Carlos Augusto
影响因子：
15.8
作者：
Duffey KJ;Popkin BM
通讯作者：
Popkin BM
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0912951109
发表时间：
2012-07-31
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Dube, Laurette;Pingali, Prabhu;Webb, Patrick
通讯作者：
Webb, Patrick
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Bachman, Jessica L.;Raynor, Hollie A.
通讯作者：
Raynor, Hollie A.
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-789x.2011.00949.x
发表时间：
2012-03
期刊：
Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kleiman S;Ng SW;Popkin B
通讯作者：
Popkin B