Monitoring exposure to avian influenza viruses in wild mammals
Monitoring exposure to avian influenza viruses in wild mammals
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2907.2009.00144.x
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发表时间：
2009-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Franklin, Alan B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vandalen, Kaci K.;Shriner, Susan A.;Franklin, Alan B.
禽流感（AI）病毒主要在野生水禽种群中传播，偶尔也会传染给家禽群。然而，其他野生动物物种（例如野生哺乳动物）在禽流感病毒生态学中的可能作用尚未得到充分解决。由于其栖息地和行为，许多野生哺乳动物可能能够在野生和家养种群之间传播病原体。据报道，许多野生和家养动物都曾接触过人工智能病毒。农场中野生哺乳动物的存在已被确定为北美至少一场家禽禽流感爆发的风险因素。这些报告表明需要进行血清流行率研究来检查野生哺乳动物与禽流感病毒的接触情况。血清学测试通常用于评估家禽、家猪和人类对甲型流感病毒的接触情况，但这些测试尚未经过验证可用于野生哺乳动物。因此，其中一些方案可能需要调整或可能不适合用于野生哺乳动物的血清学测试。在此，我们回顾了这些血清学技术，并评估了它们在野生哺乳动物人工智能监测中的潜在用途。我们呼吁在原始验证范围之外应用血清学测试时要小心，并对多个物种和病毒株进行持续的检测验证。
Avian influenza (AI) viruses primarily circulate in wild waterfowl populations and are occasionally transmitted to domestic poultry flocks. However, the possible roles of other wildlife species, such as wild mammals, in AI virus ecology have not been adequately addressed.Due to their habitat and behaviour, many wild mammals may be capable of transmitting pathogens among wild and domestic populations. Exposure to AI viruses has been reported in an array of wild and domestic animals. The presence of wild mammals on farms has been identified as a risk factor for at least one poultry AI outbreak in North America. These reports suggest the need for seroprevalence studies examining the exposure of wild mammals to AI viruses.Serological tests are routinely used to assess domestic poultry, domestic swine and human exposure to influenza A viruses, but these tests have not been validated for use in wild mammals. As such, some of these protocols may require adjustments or may be inappropriate for use in serology testing of wild mammals. Herein, we review these serological techniques and evaluate their potential usefulness in AI surveillance of wild mammals. We call for care to be taken when applying serological tests outside their original area of validation, and for continued assay verification for multiple species and virus strains.