Psychological responses to continuous terror: a study of two communities in Israel.
Psychological responses to continuous terror: a study of two communities in Israel.
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对持续恐怖的心理反应：对以色列两个社区的研究。
DOI：
10.1176/ajp.2006.163.4.667
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Eth,Spencer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shalev,AriehY;Tuval,Rivka;Frenkiel-Fishman,Sarah;Hadar,Hilit;Eth,Spencer
作者评估了心理反应，以持续的terror.MethodData收集10个月后，对以色列平民的敌对行动不断升级。该研究的参与者是随机选择的居住在耶路撒冷两个郊区的成年人，一个经常直接暴露于恐怖主义行为（N=167），另一个间接暴露于恐怖主义行为（N=89）。参与者提供的信息暴露于恐怖相关的事件，破坏日常生活，创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的症状，和一般的困扰（评估与简要症状清单）。ResultsResidents的直接暴露的社区报告更频繁地暴露于恐怖和更深的日常生活中断。尽管如此，直接和间接接触组报告的PTSD发生率和症状水平相似：直接暴露组和间接暴露组中分别有26.95%和21.35%的人符合DSM-IV的PTSD症状标准（标准B至D），大约三分之一的PTSD症状患者（直接暴露组35.7%，间接暴露组31.5%）报告了严重的痛苦和功能障碍。不符合PTSD症状标准的受试者的PTSD症状水平非常低，他们的简明症状量表评分在人群标准范围内。在直接暴露组中，暴露和日常生活的中断有助于PTSD症状的发生。日常生活的中断有助于在这两个groups.ConclusionsContinuous恐怖造成类似的困扰，在近端和远程社区的简明症状量表评分。暴露于离散事件不是恐怖威胁的必要中介。一个小组的暴露发展严重的症状，而其他人是令人惊讶的弹性。日常生活的中断是一个主要的次要压力源。
ObjectiveThe authors evaluated psychological responses to continuous terror.MethodData were collected after 10 months of escalating hostilities against civilians in Israel. The study’s participants were randomly selected adults living in two suburbs of Jerusalem, one frequently and directly exposed to acts of terrorism (N=167) and the other indirectly exposed (N=89). Participants provided information about exposure to terror-related incidents, disruption of daily living, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and general distress (assessed with the Brief Symptom Inventory).ResultsResidents of the directly exposed community reported more frequent exposure to terror and deeper disruption of daily living. Notwithstanding, the directly and indirectly exposed groups reported comparable rates of PTSD and similar levels of symptoms: 26.95% of the directly exposed group and 21.35% of the indirectly exposed group met DSM-IV PTSD symptom criteria (criteria B through D), and about one-third of those with PTSD symptoms (35.7% in the directly exposed group and 31.5% in the indirectly exposed group) reported significant distress and dysfunction. Subjects who did not meet PTSD symptom criteria had very low levels of PTSD symptoms, and their Brief Symptom Inventory scores were within population norms. Exposureanddisruption of daily living contributed to PTSD symptoms in the directly exposed group. Disruption of daily routines contributed to Brief Symptom Inventory scores in both groups.ConclusionsContinuous terror created similar distress in proximal and remote communities. Exposure to discrete events was not a necessary mediator of terror threat. A subgroup of those exposed developed serious symptoms, whereas others were surprisingly resilient. Disruption of daily routines was a major secondary stressor.