The Rising Power of the Prime Minister in Finland
The Rising Power of the Prime Minister in Finland
复制标题
芬兰总理权力的崛起
DOI：
10.1111/1467-9477.00086
复制
发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Heikki Paloheimo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Heikki Paloheimo
在过去的二十年里，芬兰的政治体制逐渐从半总统制转变为近议会制。这一进程随着 2000 年新宪法的起草而结束。有四个因素特别促成了芬兰宪法的议会化。首先，苏联的解体也打破了芬苏关系中高度个性化的总统统治的传统。其次，芬兰加入欧盟增加了芬兰内阁参与外交决策的必要性。第三，由于内阁的稳定，基于政党联盟弹性和联盟能力的增强，总统干预的需要或空间不再像前几十年那样大。第四，在乌尔霍·凯科宁总统高度个性化的任期之后，各政党中出现了反对个性化总统统治的反应。新宪法在很大程度上以内阁为中心的治理为基础，尽管也采取了部长级治理的措施。然而，有许多非宪法因素催生了新型总理治理。其中包括：（1）政治国际化，（2）公共部门的发展，（3）政党意识形态的趋同，以及（4）新型个性化政治宣传。
During the past two decades, the Finnish political system has gradually changed from a semi-presidential to a nearly parliamentary one. This process was finalized with the drafting of the new constitution in 2000. Four factors in particular contributed to the parliamentarization of the Finnish constitution. Firstly, the breakdown of the Soviet Union also broke down the tradition of highly personalized, presidential rule in Finnish–Soviet relations. Secondly, Finnish membership of the European Union increased the need to integrate the Finnish cabinet in decision making on foreign affairs. Thirdly, because of the stabilization of cabinets, based on the increased coalition elasticity and coalition capacity of the political parties, there was not as much need, or room, for presidential intervention as in earlier decades. Fourthly, after the highly personalized tenure of President Urho Kekkonen, there was, among the political parties, a reaction against personalized presidential rule. The new constitution is to a large extent based on cabinet-centred governance, although steps towards ministerial governance have also been taken. There are, however, many non-constitutional factors giving rise to a new kind of prime-ministerial governance. Among these are: (1) internationalization of politics, (2) growth of the public sector, (3) convergence of party ideologies, and (4) a new kind of personalized political publicity.