Affordance-Based Methods for Design
Affordance-Based Methods for Design
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基于可供性的设计方法
DOI：
10.1115/detc2003/dtm-48673
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Fadel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. R. Maier;G. Fadel
在之前的工作中，作者建议，功能可供性（affordance）的概念（一个借用自感知心理学领域的术语）应该被视为比功能和行为等其他概念对设计更为基础的概念。本文通过提出适用于设计的广义可供性理论来继续这一研究途径。然后通过简短的例子介绍了几种基于可供性的设计方法。介绍了设计工件-用户可供性、工件-工件可供性、各种图形可供性结构、实施例设计和逆向工程的方法。所提出的基于可供性的方法提供了一种与纯功能性方法中使用的思维方式截然不同的思维方式。特别是，基于可供性的方法强调满足用户需求和愿望（工件应该提供什么），同时在每个步骤中防止引入不需要的或危险的功能（工件不应该提供什么）。基于可供性的方法还有助于利用各种对象的多重可供性，自然地实现有时称为“功能集成”的功能。版权所有 © 2003 ASME
In previous work, the authors have suggested that the concept of affordance, a term borrowed from the field of perceptual psychology, should be considered as more fundamental to design than other concepts such as function and behavior. This paper continues this avenue of research by presenting a generalized theory of affordances applicable to design. Then several affordance-based methods for design are presented with brief examples. Methods are introduced for designing Artifact-User Affordances, Artifact-Artifact Affordances, various kinds of graphical affordance structures, embodiment design, and reverse engineering. The affordance-based methods presented offer a very different way of thinking from what would be used in a purely functional approach. In particular, the affordance-based methods emphasize satisfaction of user demands and wishes (what the artifact should afford) while safeguarding at each step against introducing unwanted or dangerous features (what the artifact should not afford). The affordance-based methods also lend themselves to taking advantage of the multiple afffordances of various objects, to achieve naturally what is sometimes termed “functional integration”.Copyright © 2003 by ASME