Regulators of gene expression as biomarkers for prostate cancer.
Regulators of gene expression as biomarkers for prostate cancer.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
S. Willard;S. Koochekpour
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Willard;S. Koochekpour
基因表达分析的最新技术进步导致发现了一组有前途的新的前列腺癌（PCa）生物标志物，这些生物标志物有可能影响疾病严重程度的诊断和预测。基因表达中有害变化的积累是前列腺癌发生的基本机制。异常基因表达可由表观遗传调控的变化或基因组中影响关键调控元件或基因序列本身的突变引起。在表观遗传学水平上，在PCa患者中发现了无数的异常组蛋白修饰和DNA甲基化的变化。此外，基因组中的许多突变与更高的PCa风险相关。最后，已经观察到参与细胞周期调节、凋亡、细胞粘附和转录调节的关键基因的过表达或低表达。这些研究中出现了一组有趣的生物标志物，它们可能比标准的前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）血清检测更具预测性。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了前列腺癌基因表达分析领域的最新成果，包括表观遗传学，基因组学和转录组学领域最有前途的生物标志物，其中一些目前正在研究中，作为早期检测和更好的预后预测前列腺癌的临床试验。
Recent technological advancements in gene expression analysis have led to the discovery of a promising new group of prostate cancer (PCa) biomarkers that have the potential to influence diagnosis and the prediction of disease severity. The accumulation of deleterious changes in gene expression is a fundamental mechanism of prostate carcinogenesis. Aberrant gene expression can arise from changes in epigenetic regulation or mutation in the genome affecting either key regulatory elements or gene sequences themselves. At the epigenetic level, a myriad of abnormal histone modifications and changes in DNA methylation are found in PCa patients. In addition, many mutations in the genome have been associated with higher PCa risk. Finally, over- or underexpression of key genes involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, cell adhesion and regulation of transcription has been observed. An interesting group of biomarkers are emerging from these studies which may prove more predictive than the standard prostate specific antigen (PSA) serum test. In this review, we discuss recent results in the field of gene expression analysis in PCa including the most promising biomarkers in the areas of epigenetics, genomics and the transcriptome, some of which are currently under investigation as clinical tests for early detection and better prognostic prediction of PCa.