Effects of Air Pollution and the Introduction of the London Low Emission Zone on the Prevalence of Respiratory and Allergic Symptoms in Schoolchildren in East London: A Sequential Cross-Sectional Study.
Effects of Air Pollution and the Introduction of the London Low Emission Zone on the Prevalence of Respiratory and Allergic Symptoms in Schoolchildren in East London: A Sequential Cross-Sectional Study.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0109121
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Griffiths CJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wood HE;Marlin N;Mudway IS;Bremner SA;Cross L;Dundas I;Grieve A;Grigg J;Jamaludin JB;Kelly FJ;Lee T;Sheikh A;Walton R;Griffiths CJ
与交通有关的空气污染对儿童呼吸系统健康的不利影响已被广泛报道，但很少有研究评估旨在减少城市空气污染的交通控制政策的影响。我们评估了交通相关的空气污染物和呼吸道/过敏症状之间的关联，其中8-9岁的学龄儿童生活在伦敦低排放区（LEZ）。使用父母填写的问卷获得有关呼吸道/过敏症状的信息，并使用多变量混合效应logistic回归分析，根据每个儿童的居住地址将其与模拟的年度空气污染物浓度联系起来。暴露于交通相关空气污染物与当前鼻炎相关：NOx（OR 1.01，95%CI 1.00-1.02），NO2（1.03，1.00-1.06），PM10（1.16，1.04-1.28）和PM2.5（1.38，1.08-1.78），均为每μg/m3污染物，但不与其他呼吸道/过敏症状相关。低排放区并没有降低环境空气污染水平，也没有影响研究期间呼吸道/过敏症状的患病率。这些数据证实了交通相关的空气污染物暴露和当前鼻炎症状之间的先前关联。重要的是，伦敦低排放区在运营的前三年并没有显着改善城市内的空气质量或居民的呼吸系统健康。这突出表明需要采取更有力的措施来减少交通排放。
The adverse effects of traffic-related air pollution on children’s respiratory health have been widely reported, but few studies have evaluated the impact of traffic-control policies designed to reduce urban air pollution. We assessed associations between traffic-related air pollutants and respiratory/allergic symptoms amongst 8–9 year-old schoolchildren living within the London Low Emission Zone (LEZ). Information on respiratory/allergic symptoms was obtained using a parent-completed questionnaire and linked to modelled annual air pollutant concentrations based on the residential address of each child, using a multivariable mixed effects logistic regression analysis. Exposure to traffic-related air pollutants was associated with current rhinitis: NOx (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.02), NO2 (1.03, 1.00–1.06), PM10 (1.16, 1.04–1.28) and PM2.5 (1.38, 1.08–1.78), all per μg/m3 of pollutant, but not with other respiratory/allergic symptoms. The LEZ did not reduce ambient air pollution levels, or affect the prevalence of respiratory/allergic symptoms over the period studied. These data confirm the previous association between traffic-related air pollutant exposures and symptoms of current rhinitis. Importantly, the London LEZ has not significantly improved air quality within the city, or the respiratory health of the resident population in its first three years of operation. This highlights the need for more robust measures to reduce traffic emissions.