Particle concentrations in inner-city homes of children with asthma: the effect of smoking, cooking, and outdoor pollution.
Particle concentrations in inner-city homes of children with asthma: the effect of smoking, cooking, and outdoor pollution.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.6135
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发表时间：
2003-07
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Inner-City Asthma Study
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wallace LA;Mitchell H;O'Connor GT;Neas L;Lippmann M;Kattan M;Koenig J;Stout JW;Vaughn BJ;Wallace D;Walter M;Adams K;Liu LJ;Inner-City Asthma Study
市中心的儿童哮喘发病率很高。暴露于颗粒物，包括过敏原，可能会导致或加剧哮喘症状。作为一项对市中心哮喘儿童的流行病学研究的一部分，对来自7个城市的294个家庭进行了为期2周的连续（平均10分钟）颗粒浓度测量。使用对细颗粒最敏感的光学散射装置进行测量。这些设备记录的浓度进行了校正，以符合户外PM2.5监测仪。家庭室内浓度平均为27.7微克/立方米（标准差= 35.9），而同期室外浓度为13.6微克/立方米（7.5）。一个多变量模型表明，室外颗粒物穿透室内的效率为0.48，因此只负责25%的平均室内浓度。主要的室内来源是吸烟，在101个有吸烟者的家庭中，室内浓度升高了37微克/立方米。其他重要来源包括油炸、烟熏烹饪活动、熏香的使用和公寓住房，尽管由于这些活动导致的增加仅为3至6微克/立方米。10分钟的平均时间可以计算平均日变化，显示出由于吸烟而在晚上大幅增加，而由于烹饪而在用餐时间增加较小。观察到的室内浓度的大部分差异是每天的，在一个城市内，访问与访问和家庭与家庭之间的差异的贡献大致相似，城市之间的差异只有很小的贡献。城市之间的微小变化以及观察到的室内空气颗粒物分布在城市之间的相似性表明，室内浓度的来源在城市之间没有太大差异，因此简单的模型可以预测仅具有室外测量的城市的室内空气浓度。
Inner-city children have high rates of asthma. Exposures to particles, including allergens, may cause or exacerbate asthma symptoms. As part of an epidemiologic study of inner-city children with asthma, continuous (10-min average) measurements of particle concentrations were made for 2-week periods in 294 homes drawn from seven cities. Measurements were made using an optical scattering device that is most sensitive to fine particles. The concentrations recorded by these devices were corrected to agree with colocated outdoor gravimetric PM2.5 monitors. Indoor concentrations in the homes averaged 27.7 (standard deviation = 35.9) micro g/m3, compared with concurrent outdoor concentrations of 13.6 (7.5) micro g/m3. A multivariate model indicated that outdoor particles penetrated indoors with an efficiency of 0.48 and were therefore responsible for only 25% of the mean indoor concentration. The major indoor source was smoking, which elevated indoor concentrations by 37 micro g/m3 in the 101 homes with smokers. Other significant sources included frying, smoky cooking events, use of incense, and apartment housing, although the increases due to these events ranged only from 3 to 6 micro g/m3. The 10-min averaging time allowed calculation of an average diurnal variation, showing large increases in the evening due to smoking and smaller increases at meal times due to cooking. Most of the observed variance in indoor concentrations was day to day, with roughly similar contributions to the variance from visit to visit and home to home within a city and only a small contribution made by variance among cities. The small variation among cities and the similarity across cities of the observed indoor air particle distributions suggest that sources of indoor concentrations do not vary considerably from one city to the next, and thus that simple models can predict indoor air concentrations in cities having only outdoor measurements.
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影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Crain, EF;Walter, M;Stout, JW
通讯作者：
Stout, JW
DOI：
10.1016/0957-1272(90)90010-r
发表时间：
1990-01-01
期刊：
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART B-URBAN ATMOSPHERE
影响因子：
--
作者：
LIOY, PJ;WALDMAN, JM;PIETARINEN, C
通讯作者：
PIETARINEN, C
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Liu, LJS;Slaughter, JC;Larson, TV
通讯作者：
Larson, TV
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Janssen, NAH;Hoek, G;Brunekreef, B
通讯作者：
Brunekreef, B
DOI：
10.1080/10473289.2000.10464169
发表时间：
2000-08-01
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Ott, W;Wallace, L;Mage, D
通讯作者：
Mage, D