Autophagy in liver diseases: A matter of what to remove and whether to keep.
Autophagy in liver diseases: A matter of what to remove and whether to keep.
复制标题
肝脏疾病中的自噬：去除什么以及是否保留的问题。
DOI：
10.1016/j.livres.2018.09.001
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Yin,Xiao-Ming
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yin,Xiao-Ming
自噬有三种类型：巨噬、微噬和伴侣介导的自噬。巨噬在规模上是最大的，通常简称为自噬。近年来，自噬领域的研究势头强劲，许多新的发现不仅促进了对自噬生物学的认识，也促进了对各器官系统疾病的认识。肝脏也不例外，自噬对于细胞稳态、代谢调节以及从单纯性脂肪变性到晚期肝细胞癌（HCC）等肝脏疾病的发病机制起着重要作用。本期《肝脏研究》致力于研究自噬在肝脏疾病中的功能和作用的最新进展。编辑们希望组织这样一个由该领域的顶尖专家贡献的问题，将促进肝脏自噬的研究，从而找到更好的方法来治疗肝脏相关疾病。值得注意的是，肝细胞自噬的观察是对这一基本的、进化上保守的现象的最早研究之一。1,2肝脏一直是研究自噬的重要哺乳动物系统。在酵母前，许多关于自噬的重要发现，如自噬体的形态，与蛋白质降解的关系，自噬在代谢中的重要作用，都是在肝脏系统中得到的。随着20世纪90年代初酵母遗传学的引入，自噬研究进入了分子时代。目前已经报道了40多个核心自噬途径的基因，称为自噬相关（autophagy-related, Atg）基因，其中许多是进化保守的。这些基因的发现为自噬被激活和执行的机制提供了分子图谱。此外，它们是研究自噬在许多疾病发病机制中的作用的重要工具。
There are three types of autophagy, macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperon-mediated autophagy. Macroautophagy is the largest in terms of the scale, and often briefly referred to as autophagy as here. In recent years, researches in the field of autophagy have become such a strong trend that many new findings have been made that advance not only the understanding of the biology of autophagy, but also the understanding of diseases in various organ systems. This is no exception for the liver, in which autophagy is known to be important for the cellular homeostasis, for the metabolism regulation, and for the pathogenesis of liver diseases ranging from simple steatosis to advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This issue of Liver Research is dedicated to the recent advances in the understanding of the function and role of autophagy in liver diseases. The editors are hoping that organizing such an issue contributed by leading experts in the field will promote the study of autophagy in the liver and in turn find better ways to treat liver-related illness.Notably, observations of autophagy in the hepatocyte were among the earliest studies of this fundamental, evolutionarily conserved phenomenon. 1, 2 The liver has been an essential mammalian system for the study of autophagy. In the pre-yeast days, many of the important findings regarding autophagy, such as the morphology of autophagosomes, the relationship with protein degradation, the important role of autophagy in metabolism, were made in the liver system. 2, 3 With the introduction of yeast genetics in the early 1990s, autophagy research entered the molecular times. 4 At present more than 40 genes in the core autophagy pathways, known as the autophagy-related (Atg) genes, have been reported, many of which are evolutionarily conserved. 4 The discovery of these genes has provided the molecular maps for the mechanisms by which autophagy is activated and executed. In addition, they are critical tools to study the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of many diseases.