Emissions tradeoffs among alternative marine fuels: Total fuel cycle analysis of residual oil, marine gas oil, and marine diesel oil
Emissions tradeoffs among alternative marine fuels: Total fuel cycle analysis of residual oil, marine gas oil, and marine diesel oil
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DOI：
10.3155/1047-3289.58.4.538
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发表时间：
2008-04-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Winebrake, James J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Corbett, James J.;Winebrake, James J.
全世界对船舶硫氧化物（SOx）排放的关注促使用更清洁、更低硫的燃料（如船用瓦斯油（MGO）和船用柴油（MDO））替代船用渣油（RO）。船舶运营商可以直接使用MGO和MDO或与RO混合使用，以实现环境和经济目标。虽然预期在标准污染物方面要清洁得多，但这些燃料在燃料循环的上游阶段需要额外的能量（即，燃料加工和精炼），因此提出了生产和使用对温室气体排放（主要是二氧化碳）的净影响的问题。本文应用海洋系统总能量与环境分析（TEAMS）模型，对一艘典型集装箱船进行RO、MGO、MDO及相关混合燃料的总燃料循环分析。与RO相比，MGO和MDO混合物在一系列燃料质量和炼油效率假设下实现了显著（70-85%）的SOx排放减少。我们使用燃料质量和炼油厂效率参数的最佳估计来估计二氧化碳增加不到1%，并展示了这些结果如何根据参数假设而变化。我们的分析表明，产品精炼效率的影响CO2的权衡超过替代燃料的物理和能量参数的差异，这表明CO2的适度增加可以被一些炼油厂的效率提高所抵消。我们的研究结果有助于解决与燃料转换和其他排放控制政策相关的温室气体权衡的相互冲突的估计。
Worldwide concerns about sulfur oxide (SOx) emissions from ships are motivating the replacement of marine residual oil (RO) with cleaner, lower-sulfur fuels, such as marine gas oil (MGO) and marine diesel oil (MDO). Vessel operators can use MGO and MDO directly or blended with RO to achieve environmental and economic objectives. Although expected to be much cleaner in terms of criteria pollutants, these fuels require additional energy in the upstream stages of the fuel cycle (i.e., fuel processing and refining), and thus raise questions about the net impacts on greenhouse gas emissions (primarily carbon dioxide [CO2]) because of production and use. This paper applies the Total Energy and Environmental Analysis for Marine Systems (TEAMS) model to conduct a total fuel cycle analysis of RO, MGO, MDO, and associated blends for a typical container ship. MGO and MDO blends achieve significant (70-85%) SOx emissions reductions compared with RO across a range of fuel quality and refining efficiency assumptions. We estimate CO2 increases of less than 1% using best estimates of fuel quality and refinery efficiency parameters and demonstrate how these results vary based on parameter assumptions. Our analysis suggests that product refining efficiency influences the CO2 tradeoff more than differences in the physical and energy parameters of the alternative fuels, suggesting that modest increases in CO2 could be offset by efficiency improvements at some refineries. Our results help resolve conflicting estimates of greenhouse gas tradeoffs associated with fuel switching and other emissions control policies.