Inversion leads to quantitative, not qualitative, changes in face processing
Inversion leads to quantitative, not qualitative, changes in face processing
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2004.02.028
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发表时间：
2004-03-09
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Bennett, PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sekuler, AB;Gaspar, CM;Bennett, PJ
人类非常擅长在各种各样的视图中识别物体。这个一般规则的一个显著例外是，将脸倒置会使其特别难以识别[1-3]。这一惊人的效果引发了人们的猜测，即反转从本质上改变了面孔的加工方式。研究人员通常认为，面部线索强烈影响对直立面孔的识别，而不是倒置面孔[3-5]。事实上，这一假设已经被广泛接受，以至于倒置效应本身已经被视为定性加工差异的标志[6]。在这里，我们采取了一种新的方法来理解反转效应。我们使用反应分类[7-10]来直接了解面部辨别的感知策略，并确定方向效应是否可以通过非线性过程的差异贡献来解释。在我们的面部辨别任务中，倒置显著损害了表现。然而，令人惊讶的是，观察员利用相似的，局部地区的面孔歧视，在直立和倒置的脸的条件下，非线性机制的相对贡献性能是类似的跨方向。我们的研究结果表明，直立和倒置的脸处理不同的定量，而不是定性的信息提取更有效地从直立的脸，也许作为一个副产品的方向依赖的专业知识。
Humans are remarkably adept at recognizing objects across a wide range of views. A notable exception to this general rule is that turning a face upside down makes it particularly difficult to recognize [1-3]. This striking effect has prompted speculation that inversion qualitatively changes the way faces are processed. Researchers commonly assume that configural cues strongly influence the recognition of upright, but not inverted, faces [3-5]. Indeed, the assumption is so well accepted that the inversion effect itself has been taken as a hallmark of qualitative processing differences [6]. Here, we took a novel approach to understand the inversion effect. We used response classification [7-10] to obtain a direct view of the perceptual strategies underlying face discrimination and to determine whether orientation effects can be explained by differential contributions of nonlinear processes. Inversion significantly impaired performance in our face discrimination task. However, surprisingly, observers utilized similar, local regions of faces for discrimination in both upright and inverted face conditions, and the relative contributions of nonlinear mechanisms to performance were similar across orientations. Our results suggest that upright and inverted face processing differ quantitatively, not qualitatively; information is extracted more efficiently from upright faces, perhaps as a by-product of orientation-dependent expertise.