Visual tracking in monkeys: evidence for short-latency suppression of the vestibuloocular reflex.
Visual tracking in monkeys: evidence for short-latency suppression of the vestibuloocular reflex.
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猴子的视觉跟踪：前庭眼反射短潜伏期抑制的证据。
DOI：
10.1152/jn.1990.63.4.676
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发表时间：
1990
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Lisberger,SG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lisberger,SG
1.猴子通常使用平滑的头部和眼睛运动的组合来保持眼睛指向缓慢移动的物体。来自目标运动的视觉输入引起平滑追踪眼球运动，而来自头部运动的前庭输入引起前庭眼反射（VOR）。我们的研究探讨了眼球运动的追求和VOR的相互作用。追击和VOR的独立指令之间是否存在线性叠加？或者视觉和前庭刺激的相互作用是否会引起VOR通路的瞬时“参数”调制？2.我们探讨了VOR和追求的状态，提出了瞬态扰动的目标和/或头部运动在不同的稳态跟踪条件下。跟踪条件包括：直视时的注视，即头部和目标都是静止的;“零倍（X 0）跟踪”，即目标和头部以相同的速度向同一方向移动;“二倍（X2）跟踪”，即目标和头部以相同的速度向相反的方向移动。3.通过比较X 0与X2跟踪方向的变化引起的眼速度，发现了跟踪响应的两个组成部分。最早的组件，我们归因于VOR，有一个14毫秒的延迟和轨迹，不依赖于初始跟踪条件。后一个组件的延迟为70 ms或更少，并且轨迹确实取决于跟踪条件。4.为了探测追踪眼球运动的延迟，我们在X 0和X2跟踪期间施加了目标速度的扰动。由此产生的眼速度的变化有lavery至少100毫秒。我们得出结论，在lavery小于70毫秒的初始跟踪条件对眼速度的影响不能通过平滑追求系统的视觉反馈所造成的。相反，必须有另一种机制来对VOR进行短延迟控制;我们将响应的这一部分称为“短延迟跟踪”。“5.在X 0和X2跟踪期间头部速度或头部和目标速度的扰动表明，短延迟跟踪仅取决于施加扰动时的跟踪条件。当初始条件为X 0跟踪时，VOR似乎受到抑制。6.短潜伏期跟踪的大小取决于头部和目标初始移动的速度。在15度/秒的X 0跟踪期间，短延迟跟踪是适度的。当头部和目标运动的初始速度为60 °/s时，短潜伏期跟踪的幅度很大，潜伏期缩短到36 ms。（400字处截断摘要）
1. Monkeys normally use a combination of smooth head and eye movements to keep the eyes pointed at a slowly moving object. The visual inputs from target motion evoke smooth pursuit eye movements, whereas the vestibular inputs from head motion evoke a vestibuloocular reflex (VOR). Our study asks how the eye movements of pursuit and the VOR interact. Is there a linear addition of independent commands for pursuit and the VOR? Or does the interaction of visual and vestibular stimuli cause momentary, "parametric" modulation of transmission through VOR pathways? 2. We probed for the state of the VOR and pursuit by presenting transient perturbations of target and/or head motion under different steady-state tracking conditions. Tracking conditions included fixation at straight-ahead gaze, in which both the head and the target were stationary; "times-zero (X0) tracking," in which the target and head moved in the same direction at the same speed; and "times-two (X2) tracking," in which the target and head moved in opposite directions at the same speed. 3. Comparison of the eye velocities evoked by changes in the direction of X0 versus X2 tracking revealed two components of the tracking response. The earliest component, which we attribute to the VOR, had a latency of 14 ms and a trajectory that did not depend on initial tracking conditions. The later component had a latency of 70 ms or less and a trajectory that did depend on tracking conditions. 4. To probe the latency of pursuit eye movements, we imposed perturbations of target velocity imposed during X0 and X2 tracking. The resulting changes in eye velocity had latencies of at least 100 ms. We conclude that the effects of initial tracking conditions on eye velocity at latencies of less than 70 ms cannot be caused by visual feedback through the smooth-pursuit system. Instead, there must be another mechanism for short-latency control over the VOR; we call this component of the response "short-latency tracking." 5. Perturbations of head velocity or head and target velocity during X0 and X2 tracking showed that short-latency tracking depended only on the tracking conditions at the time the perturbation was imposed. The VOR appeared to be suppressed when the initial conditions were X0 tracking. 6. The magnitude of short-latency tracking depended on the speed of initial head and target movement. During X0 tracking at 15 deg/s, short-latency tracking was modest. When the initial speed of head and target motion was 60 deg/s, the amplitude of short-latency tracking was quite large and its latency became as short as 36 ms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)