Planned Obsolescence
Planned Obsolescence
复制标题
计划报废
DOI：
10.4135/9781412994248.n408
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tim Cooper
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tim Cooper
本文表明，在竞争性市场中的大公司有很强的动机，应用计划淘汰的战略，以提高利润。计划性淘汰意味着缩短产品的预期使用寿命，以便客户不得不提前购买替代品。这是一种隐性产品变质或隐性涨价的策略。只有在市场不透明的情况下，特别是在消费者对所有权的总成本一无所知的情况下，它才有效。大多数耐用品消费市场缺乏透明度和信息。有计划的淘汰对社会和环境的影响是相当大的：消费者失去了大约7%的购买力，能源和资源被浪费，并产生额外的垃圾。这一战略的主要受益者是少数大公司的所有者。本文表明，现有的计划过时的经济理论是基于不切实际的假设，从而导致不切实际的结果，阻碍了适当的立法，直到今天。该文件建议强制性采用产品标签，标明关键产品信息，延长保修期，规定备件的最低储存期，并通过法律减少广告。
This paper shows that large companies in competitive markets have a strong incentive to apply the strategy of planned obsolescence to boost profits. Planned obsolescence means reducing the expected useful life of products so that customers will have to make earlier replacement purchases. It is a strategy of hidden product deterioration or hidden price increase. It works only if markets are not transparent, especially if consumers have no information about the total cost of ownership. Most consumer markets of durable goods suffer from a lack of transparency and information. The impact of planned obsolescence on society and environment is considerable: Consumers lose approximately 7% of their purchasing power, energy and resources are wasted and additional garbage is produced. Main beneficiaries of this strategy are the few owners of large companies. This paper shows that the existing economic theory of planned obsolescence is based on unrealistic assumptions and hence leads to unrealistic results, impeding the introduction of appropriate legislation to this day. The paper recommends the mandatory introduction of a product label indicating key product information, an extension of the warranty period, the introduction of a minimum storage period for spare parts and reducing advertising by law.