What features of the built environment matter most for mobility? Using wearable sensors to capture real-time outdoor environment demand on gait performance
What features of the built environment matter most for mobility? Using wearable sensors to capture real-time outdoor environment demand on gait performance
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.12.028
复制
发表时间：
2019-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Clarke, Philippa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Twardzik, Erica;Duchowny, Kate;Clarke, Philippa
背景：越来越多的研究已经证明了建筑环境特征和户外活动之间的关系。然而，这项工作大多依赖于建成环境的综合得分。研究问题：在现实世界中，户外建成环境的哪些属性与步态指标变化最大有关？方法：来自密歇根州东南部的25名社区成年人配备了移动惯性测量装置，并根据不同的环境要求走了1300米的户外赛道。使用高级步行环境评估工具在课程的各个部分记录了环境属性。在线性混合模型中，步态速度、左脚步速和步长被用来确定活动能力最具挑战性的建筑环境属性。我们假设受试者会通过降低步速、增加步频和缩短步长来适应苛刻的环境。结果：建筑环境的特性与步速、左脚步速和步长的变化显著相关。对预测步态速度最重要的属性包括坡度、人行道状况和是否有洞。人行道坡度、颠簸和路缘切割的存在都是左脚节奏的重要预测因素。户外赛道的平均步长与路段的条件、坡度、洞、凸起、宽度以及路缘上凹槽和凸起的存在显著相关。意义：环境特性与步态参数之间的关联在三种移动性结果中是不同的。当研究构建环境的哪些属性对导航具有挑战性时，重要的是了解特定属性对步态度量的相对影响。了解哪些建筑环境特性是步行行为的障碍，对于包容性人行道和街道的设计至关重要。
Background: A growing body of research has demonstrated relationships between built environment characteristics and outdoor mobility. However, most of this work has relied on composite scores of the built environment.Research question: Which properties of the outdoor built environment are associated with the greatest change in gait metrics in a real-world setting?Methods: 25 community-dwelling adults from Southeast Michigan were equipped with mobile inertial measurement units and walked a 1300-meter outdoor course with varying environmental demands. Environmental properties were documented in sections of the course using the Senior Walking Environmental Assessment Tool. Gait speed, left foot cadence, and stride length were used to identify the built environment properties under which mobility was most challenged using linear mixed models. We hypothesized that subjects would adapt to demanding environments by decreasing gait speed, increasing cadence, and shortening stride length.Results: Properties of the built environment were significantly associated with changes in gait speed, left foot cadence, and stride length. Properties that were most important for predicting gait speed included slope, sidewalk condition, and presence of holes. Sidewalk slope, bumps, and the presence of a curb cut were all significant predictors of left foot cadence. Mean stride length of the outdoor course was significantly associated with the section's condition, slope, holes, bumps, width, and the presence of grooves and bumps at a curb.Significance: Associations between environmental properties and gait parameters were differential across the three mobility outcomes. When examining which properties of the built environment are challenging to navigate it is important to understand the relative influence of specific properties on gait metrics. Knowledge of which built environment properties are barriers for walking behavior is critical for the design of inclusive sidewalks and streets.