ROLE OF SPECIFIC SIMILARITY IN A MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC TASK
ROLE OF SPECIFIC SIMILARITY IN A MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC TASK
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DOI：
10.1037/0096-3445.120.3.278
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发表时间：
1991-09-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
ALLEN, SW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BROOKS, LR;NORMAN, GR;ALLEN, SW
报告的三个实验表明，住院医生和全科医生对皮肤病的诊断是由以前在相同背景下看到的类似病例促进的。在同一诊断类别中，对类似病例的诊断比对不同病例的诊断更容易，这表明，促进不仅仅是由于整个诊断类别的激活。因为诊断是以多项选择的形式提出的，总是包括正确的诊断，不同项目的相对劣势并不是因为类别名称不可用。在初始用例和测试用例之间延迟2周也会出现相似效应。诊断程序的变化，从快速给出第一印象到在选择之前争论给定的替代诊断，并不与相似性的影响相互作用。这一结果表明，相似性效应并不强烈依赖于特定的诊断策略。
Three experiments are reported showing that diagnosis of skin disorders by medical residents and general practitioners was facilitated by similar cases previously seen in the same context. Diagnosis of similar cases was facilitated more than that of dissimilar cases in the same diagnostic category, demonstrating that facilitation was not solely due to activation of the diagnostic category as a whole. Because diagnosis was posed in a multiple-choice format that always included the correct diagnosis, the relative disadvantage of dissimilar items was not due to the unavailability of the category name. The similarity effect also occurred with 2-week delay between the initial case and the test cases. Variations in diagnostic procedure, ranging from giving a quick first impression to arguing for given alternative diagnoses before selection, did not interact with the effect of similarity. This result suggests that the similarity effect is not strongly dependent on a particular diagnostic strategy.