The Bright, Dark, and Gray Sides of Risk Takers at Work: Criterion Validity of Risk Propensity for Contextual Work Performance
The Bright, Dark, and Gray Sides of Risk Takers at Work: Criterion Validity of Risk Propensity for Contextual Work Performance
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DOI：
10.1007/s10869-023-09872-0
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发表时间：
2023-01-24
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Smith，Rachel Williamson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang，Don C.;Barratt，Clare L.;Smith，Rachel Williamson
尽管冒险者传统上被视为累赘，但越来越多的研究表明，冒险者可能对组织成就至关重要，因为他们有勇气和愿意为他人的利益承担风险。尽管在战略管理和组织行为学的研究中普遍存在风险行为，但我们对风险倾向对员工工作绩效的影响知之甚少。在本文中，我们将情境绩效概念化——超出正常工作期望的行为——作为工作场所冒险的一种形式。一项针对在职成年人的三波研究结果显示，风险倾向对五种人格特征以上的反生产行为（CWBs）和亲社会违规行为（PSRBs）都有正向的预测作用。我们还发现风险倾向对组织公民行为（ocb）和psrb的间接影响是通过增加在工作中承担风险的意愿。采用项目级方法，我们发现风险倾向的预测效度对于独立法官评为风险较高的特定绩效项目更大。我们的研究结果表明，冒险者更有可能从事有利于社会和适得其反的行为——尤其是那些违反规则或风险较高的行为——部分原因是他们在工作中承担风险的意愿增加了。
Although risk takers are traditionally seen as liabilities, a growing body of research suggests that risk takers may be critical for organizational achievements because of their courage and willingness to take risks for the benefit of others. Despite the prevalence of risk taking in studies of strategic management and organizational behavior, we know very little about the implication of risk propensity on employee work performance. In this paper, we conceptualize contextual performance—behaviors that fall outside of normal job expectations—as a form of workplace risk taking. Results from a three-wave study of working adults revealed that risk propensity positively predicted both counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs) and pro-social rule-breaking behaviors (PSRBs) above the Big Five personality traits. We also found an indirect effect of risk propensity on organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) and PSRBs via an increased willingness to take risks at work. Taking an item-level approach, we found that the predictive validity of risk propensity was greater for specific performance items that independent judges rated as riskier. Our findings suggest that risk takers are more likely to engage in pro-social and counterproductive behaviors—particularly those that are rule-breaking or have elevated risks—in part due to an increased willingness to take risks at work.