Environments as cues to smoke: Implications for human extinction-based research and treatment
Environments as cues to smoke: Implications for human extinction-based research and treatment
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DOI：
10.1037/1064-1297.14.1.12
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发表时间：
2006-02-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Conklin, CA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Conklin, CA
动物研究表明，发生药物使用的环境或背景可以在动物对与药物有关的线索做出反应方面发挥关键作用。人们对环境背景在人类药物依赖研究中的作用知之甚少。传统上，基于线索的研究和治疗侧重于最接近给药的条件性线索(例如，点燃的香烟、药物用具的图画刺激)。然而，有理由相信，更远端的线索，如以前使用药物的环境，可能同样会获得对人类反应的关联控制。本文描述了一系列系统的研究，旨在识别和研究环境背景对吸烟者在实验室中的暗示反应的影响。总体而言，这项研究的结果表明，暴露在与吸烟相关的环境中，但完全没有最近的吸烟线索，可以起到条件刺激的作用，能够引起戒烟者强烈的主观反应。此外，如果使用本文描述的新技术对环境上下文线索进行个性化，则可以实现更稳健的反应性。
Animal research has shown that the environments, or contexts, in which drug use occurs can play a key role in how animals respond to drug-related cues. Less is known about the role of environmental contexts in human drug-dependence research. Traditionally, cue-based studies and treatments focus on conditioned cues most proximal to drug administration (e.g., lit cigarettes, pictorial stimuli of drug paraphernalia). However, there is reason to believe that more distal cues, such as the environments in which drugs were previously used, might similarly gain associative control over human responding. This article describes a body of systematic research aimed at identifying and studying the impact of environmental contexts on smokers' cue reactivity in the laboratory. Overall, results of this program of research demonstrate that exposure to environments associated with smoking, but completely devoid of proximal smoking cues, can function as conditioned stimuli capable of evoking strong subjective responding from abstinent smokers. Furthermore, more robust reactivity can be achieved if environmental context cues are personalized using novel techniques described in this article.