Small-Scale Cloud Activity over the Maritime Continent and the Western Pacific as Revealed by Satellite Data
Small-Scale Cloud Activity over the Maritime Continent and the Western Pacific as Revealed by Satellite Data
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DOI：
10.1175/mwr3132.1
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发表时间：
2006-06
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Yoshimi Kondo;A. Higuchi;K. Nakamura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yoshimi Kondo;A. Higuchi;K. Nakamura
对地球静止气象卫星（GMS）所确定的海洋大陆和热带西太平洋上空的云系进行了追踪，并将其演变与云参数[例如，最低黑体亮温（TBB）、云区面积大小、云边缘的TBB梯度]进行了比较。此外，还对热带降雨测量任务（TRMM）观测到的云系进行了研究，并对其与降水的关系进行了调查。分析区域分为四个区域：开阔海洋、近海、海岸和陆地。未与其他系统分裂或合并的云系（在总共290717个云系中占28%）尽管寿命或位置不同，但在云参数上表现出共同特征。最低TBB出现在其生命周期开始时，而云区仍在扩大。在首次探测时，云系边缘的TBB梯度最大，并随时间减小。当TBB达到最低值或更早时，降雨率达到最大。例如，一个在海洋上空寿命为5小时的系统，在出现2小时后TBB达到最低值，3小时时面积最大，1小时时TBB梯度最大，1小时时降雨率最大。垂直发展在海岸地区显著，而在陆地上则出现明显的水平扩展。特别是，降水冰和风暴高度廓线在不同区域之间存在差异。
Cloud systems over the Maritime Continent and the tropical western Pacific defined by the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS) were tracked, and their evolution was compared with cloud parameters [e.g., minimum blackbody brightness temperature (TBB), cloud area size, TBB gradient at cloud edges]. In addition, cloud systems observed by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) were examined, and the relationship with precipitation was investigated. Analysis areas were divided into four regions: open ocean, coastal sea, coasts, and land. Cloud systems that did not split from or merge with other systems (28% of a total of 290 717 cloud systems) showed common features on cloud parameters in spite of different lifetimes or their locations. While the minimum TBB appeared in the beginning of their lifetimes, the cloud area was still expanding. At the time of first detection, the TBB gradient at the edge of the cloud system was the maximum and decreased with time. The rain rate was maximized when the TBB was at a minimum or earlier. For example, a system with the lifetime of 5 h over the ocean has a minimum TBB 2 h after the occurrence, a maximum area at 3 h, a maximum TBB gradient at 1 h, and a maximum rain rate at 1 h. Vertical development was significant in coasts, while remarkable horizontal expansion appeared over land. In particular, precipitation ice and storm height profiles showed differences among regions.