Human Auditory Detection and Discrimination Measured with the Pupil Dilation Response
Human Auditory Detection and Discrimination Measured with the Pupil Dilation Response
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DOI：
10.1007/s10162-019-00739-x
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发表时间：
2019-12-02
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Takahashi, Terry T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bala, Avinash D. S.;Whitchurch, Elizabeth A.;Takahashi, Terry T.
在标准的Hughson-Westlake听力测试（Carhart和Jerger 1959）中，患者的反应，如按下按钮、举手或言语反应，用于评估对简短测试信号（如不同音高和水平的音调）的检测。由于Hughson-Westlake测听法依赖于自主反应，因此不适用于不能可靠地遵循指导的患者，例如语前婴儿（北方和唐斯，2002）。作为一种替代方法，我们探讨了使用瞳孔扩张反应（PDR），由新的刺激引起的定向反应的短潜伏期组成部分，作为声音检测的指标。31名成年参与者（中位年龄24岁）的瞳孔在标准听力测试期间用红外摄像机进行监测，其中他们通过按下按钮来指示他们是否听到以1，2，4和8 kHz为中心的窄带噪声。测试是在一个安静的、铺着地毯的办公室里进行的。在刺激传递后的前1750 ms内对瞳孔大小进行求和，不包括与认知努力消耗相关的后期扩张（Kahneman和Beatty，1966; Kahneman等人，1969）。PDR在所有测试的中心频率下产生的阈值与标准测试相当，这表明PDR与传统的评估检测方法一样敏感。我们还测试了重复刺激对PDR习惯化的影响。结果表明，习惯化可以通过在近阈值刺激水平下操作来最小化。在远高于阈值的声级下，PDR习惯化，但可以通过改变频率或声级来恢复，这表明PDR也可以用于测试刺激辨别力。鉴于这些特点，PDR可能是有用的听力工具或作为一种手段，评估听觉歧视，在那些谁不能产生可靠的自愿反应。
In the standard Hughson-Westlake hearing tests (Carhart and Jerger 1959), patient responses like a button press, raised hand, or verbal response are used to assess detection of brief test signals such as tones of varying pitch and level. Because of its reliance on voluntary responses, Hughson-Westlake audiometry is not suitable for patients who cannot follow instructions reliably, such as pre-lingual infants (Northern and Downs 2002). As an alternative approach, we explored the use of the pupillary dilation response (PDR), a short-latency component of the orienting response evoked by novel stimuli, as an indicator of sound detection. The pupils of 31 adult participants (median age 24 years) were monitored with an infrared video camera during a standard hearing test in which they indicated by button press whether or not they heard narrowband noises centered at 1, 2, 4, and 8 kHz. Tests were conducted in a quiet, carpeted office. Pupil size was summed over the first 1750 ms after stimulus delivery, excluding later dilations linked to expenditure of cognitive effort (Kahneman and Beatty 1966; Kahneman et al. 1969). The PDR yielded thresholds comparable to the standard test at all center frequencies tested, suggesting that the PDR is as sensitive as traditional methods of assessing detection. We also tested the effects of repeating a stimulus on the habituation of the PDR. Results showed that habituation can be minimized by operating at near-threshold stimulus levels. At sound levels well above threshold, the PDR habituated but could be recovered by changing the frequency or sound level, suggesting that the PDR can also be used to test stimulus discrimination. Given these features, the PDR may be useful as an audiometric tool or as a means of assessing auditory discrimination in those who cannot produce a reliable voluntary response.